LI SHANGYIN

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李商隱

李商隱，字義山，懷州河內人，元和八年生。或言英國公世勣之裔孫，令狐楚帥河陽，奇其文，使與諸子游楚，徙天平宣武。皆表署巡官。

開成二年，擢進士第，調弘農尉，又試拔萃，中選，王茂元鎮河陽，愛其才，表掌書記，以子妻之，得侍御史。茂元善李德裕，而牛李黨人嗤謫，商隱以為詭薄無行，共排笮之，茂元死，來游京師，久不調，柳仲郢節度劍南、東川，辟判官檢校工部員外郎府，罷，客滎陽，大中十二年卒，年四十六。

商隱初為文，瑰邁奇古，及在令狐楚府，楚本工章奏，因授其學。商隱儷偶長短，而繁縟過之。時溫庭筠、段成式俱用是相夸，號三十六體。


李商隱 Lei seungyan.
字 ji: letter, character, word; courtesy name.
義山 yi saan: Li Shangyiin.
懷州 waai jau: Weizhou.
河內 ho nei: Henei, nowadays Qinyang (沁陽) in Henan (河南).
人 yan.
元 yuen.
和 wo.
八 baat.
年 nin.
生 saang
。
或 waak.
言 yan.
英國 ying gwok.
公世 gong sai.
勣 jik: merits, accomplishments.
之 ji.
裔孫 yeui suen: progeny and grand-descendents.
令 ling: command, order, allow. Magistrate.
狐 wu: fox.
楚 cho: ancient feudal state; distinct, clear, concise; bracken and shrub.
帥 seoi: handsome, graceful; commander.
河陽 ho yeung.
奇 gei: strange, odd.
其 kei: his, hers, theirs, its. That.
文 man: writing, literature.
使 sai: make, cause, enable; employ or use; envoy, legate.
與 yu: and with; to, for; same as as 歟 (particle of dubiousness).
諸子 chyu ji: the sages.
游 yau: to swim.
楚 cho.
徙 saai: move one's location, migrate.
天平 tin ping.
宣 suen: publicly announce, declare.
武 mo: martial.
。
皆 gaai: all, each, every.
表 biu: show, manifest, display.
署 chyu: public office.
巡 cheun: circuit, ronda.
官 gun: office.
。

開 hoi: open up, start, begin.
成 sing, seng: succeed, complete.
二 yi.
年 nin.
擢 jaak, jok: select.
進士 jeun si: highest civil service exam graduate.
進 jeun: advance, progress, enter.
第 dai.
調 diu: investigate, inquire into; argument, transfer; harmonize, reconcile.
弘 hong: enlarge, liberal, extensive; grand.
農 nung: agriculture.
尉 wai, wat: officer; military rank.
又 yau: once again, also.
試 si: examine, test; try.
拔萃 bat seui: to stand out; high level exam.
拔 bat: uproot, pull out.
萃 seui: densely, thick; collect together.
中選 jung suen: get position by passing exam; win election.
選 suen, syun: choose, select.
王 wong.
茂 mau: luxuriant, lush; talented.
元 yuen: primary.
鎮 jan: village, market town.
河陽 ho yeung.
愛 oi: love, be fond of.
其 gei.
才 choi: talent, ability.
表 biu: show, express, display.
掌 jueng: palm of hand; to hold, to wield.
書記 syu gei: secretary, clerk. 以 yi: thereby, therefore, according to, in accord with.
子 ji.
妻 chai: wife; to marry off a daughter.
之 ji.
得 dak: get, obtain; gain, catch; allow; permitted; grammatical particle.
侍 si: serve, attend upon; attend to.
御史 yü si: imperial censor.
御 yü, ngaa: drive, ride; chariot; manage.
史 si: history; chronicles, annals. 。
茂 mau.
元 yuen.
善 sin: good, virtuous; benevolent, kind.
李 lei.
德 tak: ethics, morality, virtue.
裕 yü: abundant, plentiful.
而 yi: and then, and yet, as well; because of.
牛 ngau.
李 lei.
黨人 dong yan: party member, partisan.
嗤 chi: scoff at, sneer, laugh at, ricule.
謫 jaak: censure, blame; disgrace, demote; punish. Send into internal exile at a distant posting in punishment.
商隱 seung yan.
以 yi.
為 wai: do, handle, manage, act; act for, act towards.
詭 gwai: deceit, crafty, sly; defraud.
薄 bok: thin, cold, weak; poor, stingy; indifferent.
無 mou: none, not any; without,
行 haang; row, series; enterprise, activity engaged upon; walk, traverse, behaviour, conduct; capable of, competent.
共 gung: shared, in common, together with, altogether.
排 paai: orderly, arranged, lined up; eliminate, drain; row, rank.
笮 jaak: slat supporting roof tiles.
之 ji.
茂元死 mau yuen si.
來 loi.
游 yau: roam, drift about, wander; swim.
京師 ging-si: national capital city (lit).
京 ging.
師 si.
久 gau: in a long time, long ago, after some time.
不 bat.
調 diu: transferred.
柳 lau: willow trees.
仲 jung.
郢 ying, ching: Ying, the ancient capital of 楚.
節 jit: knot, node, section; festival.
度 dok, dou: degree, system; methodology, manner; spend time, mark distance.
劍 gim: sword.
南 naam: south.
東 tung.
川 chuen.
辟 bik, pik: law, rule; develop; enlist, repell; monarch.
判官 pun gun: magistrate, jurist.
判 pun: judge, gauge; discriminate, determine.
檢校 gim gaau: verify, proof-read; redact.
檢 gim: examine.
校 gaau: school; field officer.
工部 gung bou: transport & irrigation ministry.
部 bou: part, section, division; office.
員 yun, yuen; wan: personnel, member of staff.
外 ngoi: outside.
員外 yuen-ngoi: landlord (arch.).
郎 lang: young gentleman, husband; a gallant; official.
府 fu: prefecture, prefectoral; official locus or residence; governmental.
罷 baa: cease, stop, finish.
客 haak: traveller, guest, customer, pilgrim.
滎陽 ying yueng: Xingyang in Henan.
大中十二年 daai jung sap yi nin.
卒 chuet, juet: soldier, servant; end, finally, at last; die.
年四十六 nin sei sap luk.
。


商隱 Seung yan.
初 cho: beginning, at first.
為 wai.
文 man.
瑰 gwai: fabulous, extraordinairy.
邁 maai: stride, step; outpace.
奇 gei: weird, odd.
古 gu: ancient, classical.
及 gap: extend, reach, up to.
在 choi.
令 ling: command, order; magistrate; allow.
狐 wu: fox.
楚 cho.
府 fu: seat of government.
楚 cho.
本 pun.
工 gung: work, labour, effort.
章 jueng: chapter, section; composition; clause; regulation, governmental order.
奏 jau: present a memorial to the emperor.
因 yan: cause, reason for, due to.
授 sau: teach, instruct; give, transmit, confer.
其 gei.
學 hok.
。
商隱 seung yan.
儷 lai: husband and wife, married couple.
偶 ngau: accidentally, coincidentally; image; match, mate.
長短 cheung dyun: duration; long and short, right and wrong, good and bad.
短 dyun (duen): short, brief; deficient, lacking.
而 yi.
繁縟 faan yuk: manifold, elaborate.
繁 faan: complex, difficult; complicated.
縟 yuk: decorative and elegant.
過 gwo: pass, go through, go across; time marker (completed action).
之 ji.
。
時 si.
溫 wan: lukewarm, tepid; warm.
庭 ting: courtyard, lawcourt; large hall.
筠 wan, gwan: bamboo skin. 段 dyun (duen): section, piece, division; period of time, length of tale or string, surname.
成 sing: complete.
式 sik: style, pattern, form, system.
俱 geui: entirely, altogether.
用 yung.
是 si.
相 seung: mutual, each other.
夸 kwaa: luxuriant, gorgeous.
號 hou: mark, sign, symbol, numeral.
三十六 saam sap luk.
體 tai: body, format; style, system; group, class.
。



APPENDICES


文言者，古中國書其言以述志表情者也。

先民言語傳乎口耳，至結繩以記，事日贅，是結繩之不足，求諸繪圖，繪圖猶逾，而創字製文，金石竹帛載之，自劉漢而書諸紙。唐宋降，文士崇古非今，尚先秦古文，規法矩繩，典模乃定。由是，口述耳聞者雖變於百歲千載，手書目觀者猶通，前後貫延三代。唯文言非創於一舉而得，所式所尊，莫衷一是，時比燕越。

文言 man yin: classical Chinese.
者 je: that which, whichever that, who.
古 gu: old, ancient.
中國 jung gwok.
書 syu: book, writing, epistle; style of writing.
其 gei.
言 yin: word, speech, say.
以 yi:
述 seut: narrate, state; to relate, to speak of, to tell.
志 ji: apsiration, ambition, purpose.
表情 biu ching: express feeling, facial expression.
者 je.
也 ya: final particle of affirmation or inclusionality.
。

先 sin.
民 man.
言語 yin yü: spoken language.
傳 chuen, chyun: propoagate, transmit.
乎 fu, wu: (particle like 於 or 于) in, at, from; final particle similar expressing doubt or astonishment.
口 hau: mouth, entrance; vocal.
耳 yi: only, merely; ear, handle.
至 ji: reach, arrive, the extreme.
結 git: knot, join, connect; bear fruit, result.
繩 sing: rope, cord; measure, restrain.
以 yi.
記 gei: record, remember.
事 si: affairs, business; matters, events.
日 yat: day, date; sun.
贅 jeui: unnecessary, superfluous, redundant: son-in-law living with his wife's parent.
是 si.
結 git.
繩 sing.
之 ji.
不足 pat jeui: insufficient, deficient, inadequate; unworthy.
足 juk, jeui: foot; attained, enough.
求 kau: beseech, request.
諸 jyu: several, various.
繪圖 kui tou: draw, to diagram or chart.
繪 kui: sraw, sketch, paint.
圖 tou: map, chart, picture.
繪圖 kui tou.
猶 yau: like, similar, just like, as.
逾 yiu (yü): go over, exceed.
而 yi.
創 chong: establish, create; cut, injure, knife stroke.
字 ji.
製 jai: make, manufacture, produce.
文 man.
金石 kam sek: hard objects upon which can be inscribed. Metal and stone.
竹帛 juk baak: soft surfaces upon which can be limned. Bamboo and silk.
載 joi: a year in record; carry, transport, convey.
之 ji.
自 ji.
劉 lau: destroy, slaughter.
漢 hon.
而 yi.
書 syu.
諸 chyu: all, various/
紙 ji: paper.
。

唐宋 tong sung: The tang and Sung era, 618 - 1279.
降 gong, hong: drop, fall, descend.
文士 man si: literati, the scholars.
崇 sung: esteem, honour, revere, venerate.
古 gu.
非 fei: not, in opposition to, unlike.
今 kam.
尚 seung: still, yet, fairly, rather.
先秦 sin cheun: pre-Qin; Chinese history before the Qin Dynasty.
古文 gu man: old language; classic literature.
規 kwai: rule, law, statute.
法 faat: laws, regualtions.
矩 geui: carpenter's square; drafting scale, rule.
繩 sing.
典 din: canon, documentation, scripture; reference.
模 mou: pattern, example; to imitate.
乃 naai: then, really, indeed; namely.
定 ding: set, fixed, settled, decided. 。
由 yau: for this reason.
是 si.
口述 hau seut: dictated, recounted orally.
述 suet: narrate, state, express.
耳聞 yi man: to hear about.
者 je.
雖 seui: although, even if.
變 bin: change, transform.
於 yü; wu: in, at, on; oh woe, alack.
百歲千載 baak seui chin joi: one hundred years of age and a thousand years of recorded time; a very long time; forever.
手 sau: hand.
書目 syu muk: booklist, bibiliography.
觀 gun: see, observe.
者 je.
猶 yau: just like, similar to.
通 tung: pass through, communicate.
前後 chin hau: from beginning to end.
貫 gun: pierce, pass through, be strung together; a string of cash.
延 yin: prolong, extend; delay.
三代 saam doi: third generation. 。
唯 wai: yes, only, thus then.
文言 man yin: classical Chinese.
非 fei.
創 chong: wound, cut, injury.
於 yü: in, at, on.
一舉 yat geui: action, at one stroke, in one move.
舉 geui: raise, lift up, move something. Recommend.
而得 yi tak.
所 so: place, locus; thus.
式 sik.
所 so.
尊 jyun, jeun: respect, venerate, honour.
莫衷一是 mok chong yat si: still a matter of discussion, no decision yet possible.
莫 mou, mok: not possible, cannot; is not.
衷 chong: heart, heartfelt; fundamentally.
時 si.
比 bei, pei.
燕 yin: the swallow (bird); enjoy; name of several ancient states throughout history.
越 yuet: exceed, go beyond; boundary; Viet, Yuet.
。


李商隱

李商隱（813年1－約858年），字義山，號玉谿生、樊南生。晚唐詩人。原籍河內懷州（今河南沁陽），祖輩遷滎陽（今河南鄭州）。詩作文學價值很高，他和杜牧合稱“小李杜”，與溫庭筠合稱為“溫李”，與同時期的段成式、溫庭筠風格相近，且都在家族里排行16，故并稱為三十六體。在《唐詩三百首》中，李商隱的詩作佔廿二首，數量位列第四。



NOTE: Li Shanyin, Wenyen.