KEI TAT

實業 sat yip: industry / commercial enterprise.
生產 saang chaan: to produce / to manufacture / to give birth to a child.
製造 jai chou: to manufacture / to make.
製 jai: make, manufacture; produce.
造 chou: construct, build, make, begin; prepare.
產品 chaan ban: goods / merchandise / product.
搬遷 bun chin: to move / to relocate / removal.
搬 bun: transfer, move, remove, shift.
遷 chin: move, shift, change; transfer.
莞 gun, wun: smiling; a kind of aquatic herb, clubrush, Scirpus lacustris.
碣 kit: stone tablet.
鎮 jan: composed / small town / to suppress / to press down / to guard / garrison / to cool or chill (food or drinks).
新興 san hing: new / up-and-coming / newly developing / rising; Xinxing county in Yunfu 雲浮｜云浮, Guangdong.
工業區 gung yip keui: industrial zone.
捷 jit: win, victory, triumph.
宏 wang: wide, spacious, great, vast; great / magnificent / macro (computing) / macro-.
玩具廠 waan geui chong: toy factory.
玩具 waan geui: toy.
玩 waan: play with, joke, enjoy.
專業 chyun yip: specialty / specialized field / main field of study (at university) / major.
專 chyun: monopolize, take sole possession.
合金 hap gam: alloy.
塑料 sok liu: plastics.
塑 sou, sok: model in clay, sculpt; plastics.
電動 din dung: electric powered.
動 dung: move, happen; movement, action.
植 jik: plant, trees, plants; grow; to plant.

絨 yung: silk, cotton, or woolen fabric.
公仔 gung jai: doll / cuddly toy.
辦 baan: to do / to manage / to handle / to go about / to run / to set up / to deal with.
模具 mou geui: mold / matrix / pattern or die.
模 mou: model, standard, pattern; copy.
壓 aat, ngaat: to press / to push down / to keep under (control) / pressure; to cast or found metals.
注塑 jyu sok, jyu sou: injection molding.
注 jyu: concentrate, focus, direct.
靜電 jing din: static electricity.
靜 jing: quiet, still, motionless; gentle.
噴 pan: spurt, blow out, puff out; fragrant.
彩繪 choi kui: painted / colored painted-on designs.
繪 kui: draw, sketch, paint.
裝配 jong pui: to assemble / to fit together.
裝 jong: dress, clothes; decorate; fill.
配 pui: match, pair; equal; blend.
包裝 baau jong: to pack / to package / to wrap / packaging.
出貨 cheut fo: to take money or valuables out of storage / to recover / to ship goods / to extract (chemicals from solution).
擁有 yung yau: to have / to possess.
擁 yung: embrace, hug, squeeze; crowd. 完善 yuen sin: perfect / to make perfect / to improve.
完 yuen, yiun: complete, finish, settle; whole.
善 sin: good, virtuous, charitable, kind.
系統 hai tung: system.
系 hai: system; line, link, connection.

統 tung: govern, command, control; unite.
健全 gin chuen: robust / sound.
組織 jou jik: to organize / organization / organized system / nerve / tissue.
組 jou: class; section, department.
織 jik: weave, knit; organize, unite.
架構 gaa gau: to construct / to build / infrastructure / architecture / framework.
架 gaa: rack, stand, prop; prop up.
構 gau, kau: frame, building, structure.
規範 kwai faan: norm / standard / specification / regulation / rule / within the rules / to fix rules / to regulate / to specify.
規 kwai: rules, regulations, customs, law.
範 faan: pattern, model, rule, law.
雄厚 hung hau: robust / strong and solid.
雄 hung: male of species; hero; manly.
厚 hau: thick; substantial; greatly.
生產力 saang chaan lik: production capability / productive force / productivity.
嚴格 yim gaak: strict / stringent / tight / rigorous.
嚴 yim: strict, rigorous, rigid; stern.
格 gaak: pattern, standard, form; style.
質量 jat leung: quality / mass (in physics).
質 jat, ji: matter, material, substance.
通過 tung gwo: by means of / through / via / to pass through / to get through / to adopt / to pass (a bill or inspection etc) / to switch over.
認證 yan jing: to authenticate / to approve.
認 yan: recognize, know, understand.
證 jing: proof, evidence; testify, verify.

銷 siu: to melt (metal) / to cancel or annul / to sell / to spend / to fasten with a bolt / bolt or pin.
往 wong: go, depart; past, formerly; to go (in a direction) / to / towards / (of a train) bound for / past / previous.
廠房 chong fong: a building used as a factory / factory (building.
面積 min jik: area (of a floor, piece of land etc) / surface area / tract of land.
積 jik: accumulate, store up, amass.
現有 yin yau: currently existing / currently available.
目前 muk chin: at the present time / currently.
先進 sin jeun: advanced (technology) / to advance.
自動 ji dung: automatic / voluntarily.
塗 tou: smear, daub, apply, spread; paint.
拉 laa, laai, laap: pull, drag; seize, hold; lengthen; to play (a bowed instrument) / to drag / to draw / to chat.
鑄 jyu: to cast or found metals; melt, cast; coin, mint.
配備 pui bei: to allocate / to provide / to outfit with.
配 pui: match, pair; equal; blend.
備 bei: prepare, ready, perfect.
檢測儀 gim chaak yi: sensor / detector.
檢 gim: check; examine.
測 chaak: measure, estimate, conjecture.
儀 yi: ceremony, rites gifts; admire.
檢測 gim chaak: to detect / to test / detection / sensing.
進行 jeun haang: to advance / to conduct / underway / in progress / to do / to carry out / to carry on / to execute.
保證 bou jing: guarantee / to guarantee / to ensure / to safeguard / to pledge /.
物料 mat liu: material.
符合 fu hap: in keeping with / in accordance with / tallying with / in line with / to agree with / to accord with / to conform to / to correspond with / to manage / to handle.
符 fu: i.d. tag, tally, symbol, charm.
環保 waan bou: environmental protection / environmentally friendly.
環保要求 waan bou yiu kau: environmental concerns.


NOTE: 奇达实业公司（EMPRESA KEI TAT COMPANHIA）

SHANTOU (SWATOW)

汕頭

汕頭 saan tou: Shantou prefecture level city in Guangdong.
經濟特區 ging jai dak keui: special economic zone
濟 jai: to help, aid, relieve; to ferry, cross
之一 ji yat: one of (sth) / one out of a multitude / one (third, quarter, percent etc).
接 jip: receive; continue; catch; connect.
饒平縣 yiu peng yuen: Raoping county in Chaozhou 潮州, Guangdong.
饒 yiu: bountiful, abundant, plentiful.
潮安縣 chiu ngon yuen: Chao'an county in Chaozhou 潮州, Guangdong.
揭陽市 kit yeung si: Jieyang prefecture level city in Guangdong province.
普寧市 pou ning si: Puning county level city in Jieyang 揭陽, Guangdong.
惠來縣 wai loi yuen: Huilai county in Jieyang 揭陽, Guangdong.
瀕臨 ban lam: on the verge of / close to.
瀕 ban: approach, be on verge of; near.
臨 lam: draw near, approach; descend.
總 jung: collect; overall, altogether.
面積 min jik: area (of a floor, piece of land etc) / surface area / tract of land.
積 jik: accumulate, store up, amass.
平方公里 ping fong gung lei: square kilometer.
行政區 hang jing keui: administrative district.
澄海 ching hoi: Chenghai district of Shantou city 汕头市, Guangdong.
澄 ching, dang: purify water by allowing sediment to settle; clear, pure.
金平 gam peng: Jinping district of Shantou city 汕头市, Guangdong.
龍湖 lung wu: Longhu district of Shantou city 汕头市, Guangdong.
濠江 hou gong: Haojiang district of Shantou city 汕头市, Guangdong.
潮陽 chiu yeung: Chaoyang district of Shantou city 汕头市, Guangdong.
潮南 chiu naam: Chaonan district of Shantou city 汕头市, Guangdong.
南澳縣 naam ou yuen: Nan'ao county in Shantou 汕头, Guangdong.

汕頭市係中國經濟特區之一，位處喺廣東省東部，東北接潮州市饒平縣，北鄰潮州市潮安縣，西鄰揭陽市的揭東縣、普寧市，西南接惠來縣，東南瀕臨南海。汕頭市總面積2064平方公里，人口484.64萬人。汕頭嘅行政區包括​​澄海、金平、龍湖、濠江、潮陽、潮南六個區同埋南澳縣。


地理

地理 dei lei: geography.
境 ging: boundary, frontier; area, region.
處於 chyu yiu: to be in (some state, position, or condition).
東經 dung ging: longitude east.
北緯 baak wai: latitude north.
緯 wai: woof; parallels of latitude.
之間 ji gaan: between / among / inter-.
迴 wui: revolve, rotate; curving, zigzag.
歸 gwai: return; return to, revert to.
線 sin: thread, line, wire; clue.
穿過 chuen gwo: to pass through
穿 chuen, chyun: penetrate, pierce, drill; wear.
過 gwo: pass, pass through, go across.
市區 si keui: urban district / downtown / city center.
平原 ping yuen: field / plain.
原 yuen, yiun: source, origin, beginning.
丘陵 yau ling: hills.
丘 yau: hill; elder; empty; a name.
陵 ling: hill, mound; mausoleum.
桑 song: mulberry tree.
浦 pou: river bank / shore / river drainage ditch (old).
長得 cheung dak: to look (pretty, the same etc).
坑 hang: pit, hole; bury, trap; harry; to defraud.
香爐 heung lou: a censer (for burning incense) / incense burner / thurible.
爐 lou: fireplace, stove, oven, furnace.
榕江 yung gong: Rongjiang county in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong autonomous prefecture 黔東南州｜黔东南州, Guizhou.
紅蓮 hung lin: red lotus.
池 chi: pool, pond; moat; cistern.
鮑 baau: abalone; dried fish; surname.
齊河 jai ho: Qihe county in Dezhou 德州, Shandong.
橫貫 waang gun: horizontal traverse / to cut across / to cross transversally.
橫 waang: across, horizontal, lateral.
貫 gun: a string of 1000 coins; to go through.
嶼 yiu, yu: island.
島嶼 dou yiu: island.
氣候 hei hau: climate / atmosphere / situation .
氣 hei: air, gas, steam, vapor; spirit.
候 hau: wait; expect; visit; greet.
喺 hai: to be located at ; to be at, in or on (Cantonese) / Mandarin equivalent: 在.
亞熱帶 ngaa yit daai: subtropical (zone or climate).
熱 yit: hot; heat; fever; restless; zeal.
海洋性 hoi yeung sing: maritime.
洋 yeung: ocean, sea; foreign; western.
氣候溫和 hei hau wan wo: moderate climate.
颱風 toi fung: hurricane / typhoon.
年均 nin gwan: annual average (rate).
均 gwan, kwan: equal, even, fair; all, also.
降水量 gong seui leung: precipitation (meteorology) / measured quantity of rain.
降 gong: descend, fall, drop; lower, down.
毫米 hou mai: millimeter. 溫 wan: lukewarm, warm; tepid, mild.

汕頭市全境處於東經116°14′40″至117°19′35″同埋北緯23°02′33″至23°38′50″之間，北迴歸線穿過市區北域。汕頭市位處喺潮汕嘅平原，得西北部有小片丘陵。主要嘅山有桑浦山、長得龍山、龍坑山、香爐山，榕江及紅蓮池河、鮑齊河嘅橫貫市區，榕江口有媽嶼島、德州嶼島嶼。氣候喺南亞熱帶海洋性嘅氣候，全年氣候溫和。秋天有颱風，年均降水量2420毫米。年溫21.3℃，1月13.1℃，7月28.3℃。


歷史

考古 haau gu: archaeology.
考 haau: examine, test; investigate.
證明 jing ming: proof / certificate / identification / testimonial / CL: 個｜个 / to prove / to testify / to confirm the truth of.
證 ching: proof, evidence; testify, verify.
嗰 go: (Cant.) that.
漁村 yiu chuen: fishing village.
宋朝 sung chiu: Song Dynasty (960-1279) / also Song of Southern dynasties 南朝宋 (420-479).
元代 yuen doi: the Yuan or Mongol dynasty (1279-1368).
嘉 gaa: excellent; joyful; auspicious.
靖 jing: pacify; appease; calm, peaceful.
變成 bin seng: to change into / to turn into / to become.
一部分 yat bou fan: portion / part of / subset.
明 ming: Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) / surname Ming / Ming (c. 2000 BC), fourth of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農｜神农 Farmer God.
神 san: spirit, god, supernatural being.
宗 jung: lineage, ancestry; ancestor, clan; school / sect / purpose / model / ancestor / clan / to take as one's model (in academic or artistic work) / classifier for batches, items, cases (medical or legal), reservoirs.
萬曆 maan lik: reign name of Ming emperor (1573-1619).
曆 lik: calendar, era.
坪 ping: level ground; Japanese measure; a plain.
康熙 hong hei: Kangxi or K'ang Hsi, second Qing Emperor (1661-1722).
康 hong: peaceful, quiet; happy, healthy.
熙 hei: bright, splendid, glorious.
清政府 cheng jing fu: Qing government (1644-1911).
築 juk: build, erect; building; to ram, to hit.
炮 baau, paau: 1) to sauté / to fry / to dry by heating; 2) large gun, cannon; artillery; 3) to prepare herbal medicine by roasting or parching (in a pan).
臺 toi: platform / stage / terrace / stand / support / desk / station / broadcasting station / classifier for vehicles or machines; tower, lookout; stage.
改稱 goi ching: to change a name / to rename.
雍正 yung jing: Yongzheng, reign name of Qing emperor (1722-1735).
雍 yung: harmony, union; harmonious.
乾隆 kin lung: Qianlong or Ch'ien-lung, emperor of the Qing dynasty, reigned sixty years (1735-1796). 乾 kin, gon: dry; first hexagram; warming principle of the sun, penetrating and fertilizing, heavenly generative principle (male).
隆 lung: prosperous, plentiful, abundant.
期間 gei gaan: period of time / time / time period / period.
逐漸 juk jim: gradually.
逐 juk: chase, expel; one by one.
漸 jim: gradually. 設立 chit laap: to set up / to establish.
設 chit: build; establish; display; particle of hypothesis, supposing.
近代 gan doi: modern times.
對外 deui ngoi: external / foreign / pertaining to external or foreign (affairs).
港口城市 gong hau seng si: port city.
世紀 sai gei: century.
年代 nin doi: a decade of a century (e.g. the Sixties) / age / era / period.
吞吐 tan tou: to take in and send out (in large quantities).
吞 tan: swallow; absorb, annex, engulf. 吐 tou: vomit, spew out, cough up.
曾 chang, jang: once / already / ever (in the past) / former / previously / (past tense marker used before verb or clause).
居 geui: live, dwell, reside, sit; to reside / to be (in a certain position) / to store up / to be at a standstill / residence / house / restaurant / classifier for bedrooms ; (archaic) sentence-final particle expressing a doubting attitude.
盛 sing: to hold / to contain / to ladle / to pick up with a utensil; abundant, flourishing; contain; fill; vigorous / magnificent / extensively. 位 wai: position / location / place / seat / classifier for people (honorific) / classifier for binary bits (e.g. 十六位 16-bit or 2 bytes); throne; position, post; rank, status; seat.
閩 man: short name for Fujian province 福建.
贛 gam: abbr. for Jiangxi 江西 province.
商品 seung ban: good / commodity / merchandise.
集散地 jaap saan dei: distribution center.
集 jaap: assemble, collect together.
散 saan: scatter, disperse, break.
鴉片戰爭 ngaa pin chin jaang: the Opium Wars of 1840-1842 and 1860-1861. 由於 yau yiu: due to / as a result of / thanks to / owing to / since / because.
民眾 man jung: populace / masses / the people.
強烈 keung lit: intense / (violently) strong.
反抗 faan kong: to resist / to rebel.
害 hoi: injure, harm; destroy, kill.
放棄 fong hei: to renounce / to abandon / to give up.
放 fong: put, release, free, liberate.
棄 hei: reject, abandon, discard.
改變 goi bin: to change / to alter / to transform.
選擇 suen jaak: to select / to pick / choice / option / alternative.
選 suen, syun: choose, select; elect; election.
擇 jaak: select, choose, pick out.
進行 juen hang: to advance / to conduct / underway / in progress / to do / to carry out / to carry on / to execute.
咸豐 haam fung: reign name of Qing emperor (1850-1861) / Xianfeng county in Enshi Tujia and Miao autonomous prefecture 恩施土家族苗族自治州, Hubei.
咸 haam: together; all, completely; united.
豐 fung: abundant, lush, bountiful, plenty.
列強 lit keung: the Great Powers (history).
正式 jeng sik: formal / official.
開市 hoi si: to open a store for business.
優越 yau yuet: superior / superiority.
優 yau: superior, excellent; actor.
越 yuet: exceed, go beyond; the more.
地理位置 dei lei wai ji: geographical location.
位置 wai ji: location, locus.
置 ji: place, lay out; set aside
相對 seung deui: relatively / opposite / to resist / to oppose / relative / vis-a-vis / counterpart.
環境 waan ging: environment / circumstances / surroundings / CL: 個｜个 / ambient
環 waan: jade ring or bracelet; ring.
境 ging: boundary, frontier; area, region.
慢慢 maan maan: slowly.
超越 chiu yuet: to surpass / to exceed / to transcend.
城區 seng keui: city district / urban area. 經濟 ging jai: economy / economic.
市政廳 si jing teng: city hall.
分治 fan chi: separate government / partition.
治 ji, chi: govern, regulate, administer.
屬 suk, juk: to join together / to fix one's attention on / to concentrate on; class, category, type; to belong to; category / genus (taxonomy) / family members / dependents / to belong to / subordinate to / affiliated with / be born in the year of (one of the 12 animals) / to be / to prove to be / to constitute.
專區 jyun keui: special district / prefecture.
專 jyun, juen: monopolize, take sole possession.
轉移 jyun yi: to shift / to divert or distract (attention etc) / to change / to transform / metastasis (medicine).
轉 jyun, juen: shift, move, turn.
重新 chung san: again / once more / re-.
重 chung, jung: heavy, weighty; double.
調整 tiu jing: to adjust / adjustment / revision.
調 diu, tiu: transfer, move, change; tune. 整 jing: orderly, neat, tidy; whole.
行政區域 hang jing keui wik: administrative area.
分為 fan wai: to divide sth into (parts) / to subdivide.


考古證明，汕頭係一嗰漁村。喺宋朝時，汕頭係揭陽縣鴕江都嘅一個漁村。元代嘅時候，這到給叫為「廈嶺」。喺1563年（明世宗嘉靖四十二年），汕頭變成潮州府澄海縣嘅一部分。喺1574年（明神宗萬曆二年），汕頭被稱為「沙汕坪」。康熙五十六年，清政府喺度築炮臺，並改稱「沙汕頭」（沙汕頭炮臺），雍正、乾隆期間，逐漸被簡稱為「汕頭」。喺乾隆二十一年，清政府喺媽嶼島設立「常關」。
汕頭市喺1860年開埠，係近代中國最早對外開放嘅港口城市之一。喺20世紀到30年代，汕頭港口吞吐量曾居全國排第3位，商業之盛居全國第7位，係粵東、閩西南、贛東南嘅交通樞紐、進出港口同埋商品嘅集散地。
喺第二次鴉片戰爭後，由於潮州城區民眾嘅強烈反抗，害到外國人主動放棄喺潮州嘅城區貿易，改變選擇相對安全嘅汕頭進行貿易。咸豐十年，應西方列強要求，汕頭正式對外開市。汕頭至開始喺優越嘅地理位置同埋相對安全嘅環境，慢慢超越咗潮州城區，變成咗粵東嘅經濟中心。
汕頭係喺1921年成立市政廳，同澄海分治，但重係屬嘅潮循道管理。喺1958年，設立汕頭專區，潮汕地區嘅行政、文化中心向汕頭轉移。喺1981年，設立汕頭嘅經濟特區。喺1991年，重新調整行政區域，潮汕地區分為三個市，汕頭市就變咗其中一個市。


僑鄉

僑鄉 kiu heung: home town of overseas Chinese.
外地 ngoi dei: parts of the country other than where one is / foreign lands.

住喺外地嘅華人有335萬人，分佈喺世界40多嗰國家同埋地區。


文化

工夫茶 gung fu cha: very concentrated type of tea consumed in Chaozhou, Fujian and Taiwan / variant of 功夫茶.
享譽 heung yiu: to enjoy a reputation.
享 heung: enjoy.
譽 yiu: fame, reputation; praise.
海內外 hoi noi ngoi: domestic and international / at home and abroad.

汕頭嘅主要語言係潮州話。潮劇、潮樂、潮州菜同埋工夫茶等享譽海內外。


NOTE: Shantou (Swatow)

LOOKUP 05192012 A

粥

一向 yat heung: always (previously) / a period of time in the recent past.
開花 hoi faa: to bloom / to blossom / to flower / fig. to burst open / to feel happy or elated / new development grows out.
爛 laan: rotten, spoiled, decayed; soft / mushy / well-cooked and soft / to rot / to decompose / rotten / worn out / chaotic / messy / utterly / thoroughly,
交融 gaau yung: to blend / to mix.
融 yung: melt, fuse; blend, harmonize.
變得 bin dak: to become.
綿 min: cotton wad; wool; soft, downy. silk floss / continuous / soft / weak / mild-mannered (topolect).
滑 gwat, waat: slip, slide; slippery, polished; to slip / to slide / smooth / slippery / cunning.
部分 bou fan: part / share / section / piece.
加入 gaa yap: to become a member / to join / to mix into / to participate in / to add in.
適量 sik leung: appropriate amount.
適 sik, dik: match, comfortable; just.
量 leung: measure, quantity, capacity.
去 heui: go away, leave, depart; to go / to go to (a place) / to cause to go or send (sb) / to remove / to get rid of / (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth / to be apart from in space or time / (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) / (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) / (of a time or an event etc) just passed or elapsed.
殼 hok: casing, shell, husk, hull, skin; shell / carapace / crust (earth's crust etc).
芯 sam: lamp pith / wick; pith from rush (juncus effusus); core.
白果 baak gwo: ginkgo.
銀杏 ngan hang: ginkgo.
增加 jang gaa: to raise / to increase.
增 jang: increase, add to, augment.
清香 ching heung: sweet scent / fragrant odor.
口感 hau gam: taste / texture (of food) / how food feels in the mouth.
感 gam: feel, perceive, emotion.
消化 siu faa: to digest / digestion / digestive.
容易消化 yung yi siu faa: easy to digest. 消 siu: vanish, die out; melt away.
有時 yau si: sometimes / now and then.
配料 pui liu: ingredients (in a cooking recipe) / to mix materials according to directions.
配 pui: match, pair; equal; blend.
料 liu: consider, conjecture; materials, ingredients.
食肆 sik sei: restaurant / eatery.
肆 si, sei: indulge; excess; numeral four; particle meaning now, therefore; shop.
夥計 fo gei: variant of 伙計.
夥 fo: companion; partner; assistant.
計 gei: plan, plot; strategem; scheme.
少量 siu leung: a smidgen / a little bit / a few.
腐竹 fu juk: roll of dried tofu strips.
腐 fu: rot, decay, spoil; rotten.

加少量陳皮, 白果, 及腐竹伴煮 "Gaa siu leung chan pei, baak gwo, gap fu juk pun jyu"
Add a little dried tangerine peel, ginko, and dried tofu skin strip to cook along with it.

會增添香味 "Jang tim heung mei"
It will add to the delicious aroma.


幼 yau: infant, young child; immature.
佐 jo: assist, aid, second; subordinate.
配 pui: match, pair; equal; blend; to join / to fit / to mate / to mix / to match / to deserve / to make up (a prescription).
乾gon: dry / clean / in vain / dried food / foster / adoptive / to ignore.
瑤 yiu: Yao ethnic group of southwest China and southeast Asia / surname Yao; precious jade; used a complementary honorific.
柱 chyu: pillar, post; support; lean on.
絲 si: silk; fine thread; wire; strings.
增添 jang tim: to add / to increase.
增 jang: increase, add to, augment.
添 tim: append, add to; increase.
香味 heung mei: fragrance / bouquet / sweet smell.
常見 seung gin: commonly seen / common / to see sth frequently.
早餐 jou chaan: breakfast.

獨特 duk dak: unique / distinct / having special characteristics.
獨 duk: alone, single, solitary, only.
特 dak: special, unique, distinguished.
滾 gwan, kwan: turn, roll, rotate; boil.
做法 jou faat: way of handling sth / method for making / work method / recipe / practice.
就是 jau si: (emphasizes that sth is precisely or exactly as stated) / precisely / exactly / even / if / just like / in the same way as.
窩 wo: nest; cave, den; hiding place; nest / pit or hollow on the human body / lair / den / place / to harbor or shelter / to hold in check / to bend / classifier for litters and broods.
裏 lei, leui: inside, interior, within; also written 裡｜里.
搯 tou: take out, pull out; variant of 掏.
搯出 tou cheut: to remove, to extract.
特別 dak bit: especially / special / particular / unusual.
加熱 gaa yi: to heat.
翻滾 faan gwan: to roll / to boil.
翻 faan: flip over, upset, capsize.

翻滾後加入新鮮的肉 "faan-gwan hau gaa-yap san sin yiuk"
Once it's boiling add some fresh meat.

肉類 yiuk leui: meats.
海鮮 hoi sin: seafoods.
動物內臟 dung mat noi jong: internal organ meats.
內臟 noi jong: internal organs / viscera.
內 noi: inside, interior; domestic.
臟 jong: internal organs, viscera.
緊緊 gan gan: closely / tightly.
緊 gan: tense, tight, taut; firm, secure.
熟 suk: well-cooked; ripe; familiar with ; cooked (of food) / ripe (of fruit) / mature (of seeds) / familiar / skilled / done.
剛 gong: hard, tough, rigid, strong.
保持 bou chi: to keep / to maintain / to hold / to preserve.
保 bou: protect, safeguard, defend, care.
持 chi: sustain, support; hold, grasp.
嫩 nyun, nuen: soft, tender, delicate; young; tender / soft / delicate / light (color) / inexperienced / unskilled.
述 seut: narrate, state, express.
鯇魚 waan yue: carp.
草魚 chou yuu: grass carp.
鱅魚 jung yue: tench.
魚頭 yue tau: fish head / fig. upright and unwilling to compromise.
蟹 haai: crab. 及第 gap dai: to pass an imperial examination.
及 gap, kap: extend; reach; come up to; and.
第 dai: sequence, number; grade, degree.
馳名 chi meng: famous.
馳 chi: go quickly or swiftly; hurry.
挾 haap: clasp under arm; hold to bosom.
起 hei: rise, stand up; go up; begin.
沾 jim: moisten, wet, soak; touch; to be infected by / to receive benefit or advantage through a contact.
碗 wun: bowl, small dish, cup.
薑 geung: ginger.
胡椒粉 wu jiu fan: ground pepper (i.e. powder).
混 wan: to mix, blend, mingle; to bumble along; muddy, dirty; also written 渾.
在一起 joi yat hei: together.
進食 jeun sik: to take a meal / to eat.
然後 yin hau: after / then (afterwards) / after that / afterwards.
匙 chi: spoon.
左右手 jo yau sau: left and right hands / fig. collaboration.
左 jo: left; east; unorthodox, improper.
右 yau: right; west; right-wing.
分工 fan gung: to divide up the work / division of labor.
合作 hap jok: to cooperate / to collaborate / to work together / cooperation.
分工合作 fan gung hap jok: to work together harmoniously, to labour amicably in tandem.
底 dai: bottom, underneath, underside; background / bottom / base / the end of a period of time / towards the end of (last month).
乾貝 gon bui: conpoy / dried scallop.
藉以 je yi: variant of 借以 so as to / for the purpose of / in order to.
使用 si yung: to use / to employ / to apply / to make use of.
味精 mei jing: monosodium glutamate (MSG) / Ajinomoto.
精 jeng, jing: essence; semen; spirit.
亦 yik: also.
常 seung: common, normal, frequent, regular.
加上 gaa seung: plus / to put in / to add / to add on / to add into / in addition / on top of that.
段 dyun, duen: section, piece, division; paragraph / section / segment / stage (of a process) / classifier for stories, periods of time, lengths of thread etc.
脆脆 cheui cheui: crispy.
脆 cheui: crisp; fragile, frail; brittle.
浸入 jam yap: to soak / to dip.
浸 jam: soak, immerse, dip, percolate.
片刻 pin haak: short period of time / a moment.
刻 haak, hak: carve, engrave; quarter hour.
輕微 hing mei: slight / light / trivial / to a small extent.
輕 heng, hing: light; easy, simple; gentle.
微 mei: small, prefix micro-, trifling.
軟化 yuen faa: to soften.
軟 yuen: soft, flexible, pliable; weak.
隔夜 gaak ye: overnight / of the previous day.
隔 gaak: separate, partition.
一回事 yat wui si: one thing / the same as.
那麼一回事 na mo yat wui si: similar, of the same type, comparable. 外加 ngoi gaa: in addition / extra.
蔥花 chung faa: chopped onion.
吃法 hat faat: way of eating / how something is eaten / how a dish is prepared / the way a dish is to be cooked.
吃 hat, hek, yaak: eat; drink; suffer, endure, bear.


NOTE: JUK (粥)

YANTIAN DISTRICT, SHENZHEN

Yantian District (鹽田區): one of the seven districts of Shenzhen City (深圳市) in Guangdong (廣東省). Bordered by Shenzhen River, Luohu district (羅湖區), and Longgang district.圳市東南

Four subdistricts:

Meisha 梅沙
Yantian 盐田
Shatoujiao 沙头角
Haishan 海山

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鹽田國際集裝箱碼頭 Yantiangang Free Trade Zone

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鹽田國際集裝箱碼頭有限公司 Yantian International Container Terminals Limited

鹽田三期國際集裝箱碼頭有限公司 Yantian International Container Terminals (Phase III) Limited

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From Wikipedia:
歷史

古代早期考古資料顯示，深圳早在新石器時代中期就有土著居民繁衍，人類活動歷史超過6700年。有文字可考的歷史文獻顯示，深圳的郡縣史超過1700年；歷史沉澱下來的南頭城和東部南澳的大鵬城遺跡也都逾600年；客家人的移民史也有300多年。

秦始皇三十三年（前214年）成為秦朝轄地，屬南海郡。漢朝時屬南海郡博羅縣，於南頭設鹽官，稱為「東官」。南越國時沿用先前建制。三國東吳設司鹽都尉。東晉咸和六年（331年），晉成帝分南海郡地設東官郡，兼置寶安縣，為寶安立縣之始。隋時改為南海郡轄。唐至德二年（757年），廢寶安縣，合歸東莞縣轄，隸屬廣州，於南頭設屯門軍鎮。南漢（大越國）時置媚川都採珍珠，屬興王府。宋亡，相傳宋帝昺投海死後，遺骸漂流至赤灣，葬於南山腳之下，今有深圳南山宋少帝陵。

明朝統一全國，於南頭衛城、大鵬所城二地設立衛所並築城，負責防衛廣東沿岸海上防務隸屬廣州，南頭城遂有「全廣門戶」之稱。深圳在明朝初年屬東莞縣，明正德十六年（1521年），葡萄牙佛朗機人入侵南頭城，爆發屯門海戰。萬曆元年（1573年），於南頭設立縣治，取名新安，喻意「革新鼎安、轉危為安」，治所南頭，轄今深圳和香港，最高時期派參將管轄。清康熙元年（1662年），為了防止沿海居民與鄭成功軍隊接觸，下達海禁政策及遷界令禁止居民出海，對新安縣影響極大，人口減少，田地荒廢，新安縣一度再次併入東莞縣。康熙八年（1669年），新安縣界由東莞劃回，縣治恢復。


語言

深圳是個擁有客家、廣府和潮汕三大族群的典型嶺南都市。 1979年以前，深圳的語言主要為客家話、粵語廣府話。經濟特區成立後，大量市外及廣東省外的人口湧入，他們多以普通話交流，本地粵語廣府話及客家話之主導地位被外省的普通話取代，成為非主流語言。外來人口中，因省籍族群不同，所操語言種類眾多，如潮州人之間的潮州話，如四川人之間的四川話；湖南人之間的湖南話；但湖南人與四川人交流多操普通話。在許多較大的公眾場合，如會議、新聞發布會、有不同族群人士之聚會、車站、機場、港口、商場及電視、廣播中，普通話為主導語言，而族群內部仍多用自己的方言交流。在深圳出生的外省裔年青人母語多為普通話而非其原省籍之方言，而本省裔年青人之母語則多為一種或以上的本省語言（亦即是廣府話、四邑話、潮州話、海陸豐話和客家話），本省裔年青人因長期受普通話作教學媒介及普通話大環境之影響，粵語廣府話的音韻、用法、詞彙及流利程度普遍遠不及香港、廣州等本省人佔多的城市。深圳在語言交流上，整體上呈普通話與廣府話共存的雙語特徵。

===============================================

Addendum

Taai Pang Wan (大鵬灣, 又叫馬士灣 Mirs Bay) is located northeast of Crooked Island and Sai Kung Peninsula of Hong Kong. Ping Chau is in the middle of the bay. The north and east shores are Yantian, Kuichong, Dapeng (Dapeng Peninsula) and Nan'ao, Shenzhen.


Ping Chau (Chinese: 平洲) is an island in Hong Kong. It is also known as Tung Ping Chau (東平洲). Tung (Chinese: 東, meaning east) is prepended to the name so as to avoid possible confusion with Peng Chau, another island in Hong Kong with an identically pronounced name.


Peng Chau (坪洲) is a small island located off the north-eastern coast of Lantau Island (大嶼山). Peng Chau is known for its small island lifestyle, accessibility to fresh seafood, and several temples located around the island (including a Tin Hau temple built in 1792). The tallest point of the island is Finger Hill, which is 95m in height and provides hiking opportunities.


NOTE: Spring shipment.

LOOKUP 05142012 A

Pearl river delta, Bank of Scotland, Mustelids.


又稱 yau ching: also known as.
隸屬 lai suk: to belong to (a category) / to be attached to.
隸 dai, lai: be subservient to; servant.
屬 suk: class, category, type; to belong to.
位於 wai yiu: to be located at / to be situated at / to lie.
珠江三角洲 jyu gong saam gok jau: Pearl River Delta (PRD).
毗鄰 pei leun: bordering / adjacent to.
接壤 jip yuen: to border on.
接 jip: receive; continue; catch; connect.
壤 yuen: soil, loam, earth; rich.
行政區 hang jing keui: administrative district.
經濟 ging jai: economy / economic.
濟 jai: to help, aid, relieve; to ferry, cross.
經濟特區 ging jai dak keui: special economic zone.
副省級 fu saang kap: sub-provincial (not provincial status, but independent).
副 fu: assist; supplement; assistant.
列 laat, lit: a line; to arrange in order, classify.
創造 chong chou: to create / to bring about / to produce / to set (a record).
創 chong: establish, create; knife cut.
造 chou, jou: construct, build, make, begin; prepare.
政府 jing fu: government.
政 jing: government, political affairs.
府 fu: prefecture; prefect; government.
將 jeung: will / shall / to use / to take / to checkmate / just a short while ago; general / commander-in-chief (military) / king (chess piece) / to command / to lead; to desire / to invite / to request.
視為 si wai: to view as / to see as / to consider to be / to deem.
視 si: look at, inspect, observe, see.
改革開放 goi gaak hoi fong: to reform and open to the outside world / refers to Deng Xiaoping's policies from around 1980.
改 goi: change, alter; improve, remodel.
放 fong: put, release, free, liberate.
展示 jin si: to reveal / to display / to show / to exhibit sth.
展 jin: open, unfold; stretch, extend.
示 si: show, manifest; demonstrate.
成果 sing gwo: result / achievement / gain / profit.
窗口 cheung hau: window / opening providing restricted access (e.g. customer service window) / computer operating system window / fig. medium / intermediary / showpiece / testing ground.


海陸空 hoi luk hung: sea land air (transport, or military operations).
陸 luk: land, continental; army; an accounting form of 六 (six).
空 hung: empty, hollow, bare, deserted.
交通樞紐 gaau tung syu nau: traffic hub.
交 gaau: mix; intersect; exchange, communicate; deliver.
通 tung: pass through, common, communicate.
樞 syu: door hinge; pivot; center of power.
紐 nau: knot; button; handle, knob; tie.
並 bing: and / furthermore / also / together with / (not) at all / simultaneously / to combine / to join / to merge.
通車 tung che: open to traffic.
里程 lei ching: long journey / mileage (distance) / course of development .
程 ching: journey, trip; schedule, agenda.
地鐵 dei tit: subway / metro.
由於 yau yiu: due to / as a result of / thanks to / owing to / since / because.
域 wik: field / region / area / domain (taxonomy).
邊界 bin gaai: boundary / border.
設 chit: to set up / to arrange / to establish / to found / to display; build; establish; display; particle of hypothesis, supposing.
入境 yap ging: to enter a country / immigration.
境 ging: boundary, frontier; area, region.
崗 gong: mound / policeman's beat; post; position.
口岸 hau ngon: a port for external trade / a trading or transit post on border between countries.
實施 sat si: to implement / to carry out.
實 sat: real, true, solid, honest.
施 si, yi: grant, bestow; give; act; name.
通關 tung gwaan: to clear customs.
該 goi: should / ought to / probably / must be / to deserve / to owe / to be sb's turn to do sth / that / the above-mentioned; should, ought to, need to.
體育 tai yuk: sports / physical education.
體 tai: body; group, class, body, unit.
育 yuk: produce, give birth to; educate.
硬件 ngaan gin: hardware.
硬 ngaan: hard, firm, strong; obstinate.
設施 chit si: facilities / installation.
設 chit: build; establish; display; particle of hypothesis, supposing. 施 si, yi: grant, bestow; give; act; name.
水平 sui ping: level (of achievement etc) / standard / horizontal.
看齊 hon jai: to follow sb's example / to emulate / (of troops etc) to dress (come into alignment for parade formation).
屬 suk, juk: category / genus (taxonomy) / family members / dependents / to belong to / subordinate to / affiliated with / be born in the year of (one of the 12 animals) / to be / to prove to be / to constitute; to join together / to fix one's attention on / to concentrate on.
先進 sin jeun: advanced (technology) / to advance.
舉辦 geui baan: to conduct / to hold.
舉 geui: raise, lift up; recommend.
辦 baan: manage, do, handle; deal with.
屆 gaai: to arrive at (place or time) / period / to become due / classifier for events, meetings, elections, sporting fixtures, years (of graduation); numerary adjunct for time, term.
運動會 wan dung wui: sports competition.
運 wan: luck, fortune; ship, transport.
動 dung: move, happen; movement, action.
編 pin: to weave / to plait / to organize / to group / to arrange / to edit / to compile / to write / to compose / to fabricate; knit, weave; arrange.
制 jai: system / to control / to regulate / variant of 製; establish; overpower.
總體規劃 jung tai kwai waak: overall plan / master plan.
規 kwai: rules, regulations, customs, law.
劃 waak: divide, mark off, lay boundary.
性質 sing jat: nature / characteristic.
質 jat, ji: matter, material, substance.
確定 kok ding: definite / certain / fixed / to fix (on sth) / to determine / to be sure / to ensure / to make certain / to ascertain / to clinch / to recognize / to confirm / OK (on computer dialog box).
全國性 chuen gwok sing: national.
國際化 gwok jai faa: to internationalize / internationalization.


已經 yi ging: already.
廣泛 gwong faan: extensive / wide range.
應用 ying yung: to use / to apply / application / applicable.
行業 hang yip: industry / business.
電子 din ji: electronic / electron (particle physics).
業界 yip gaai: industry.
航運 hong wan: shipping / transport. 使用 sai yung: to use / to employ / to apply / to make use of.
最為 jeui wai: the most.
至今 ji gam: so far / to this day / until now.
依然 yi yin: still / as before.
依 yi: rely on, be set in; consent, obey a wish.
大多 daai do: for the most part / many / most / the greater part / mostly.
只有 ji yau: only.
大型 daai ying: large / large-scale.
型 ying: pattern, model, type; law; mold.
例如 lai yiu: for example / for instance / such as.
例 lai: precedent, example; regulation.
採用 choi yung: to adopt / to employ / to use.
採 choi: gather, collect; pick, select.
至於 ji yiu: as for / as to / to go so far as to.
小型 siu ying: small scale / small size.
對於 deui yiu: regarding / as far as sth is concerned / with regards to.
並不 bing bat: not at all / emphatically not.
普遍 pou bin: universal / general / widespread / common.
普 po: universal, general, widespread.
遍 bin, pin: everywhere, all over, throughout.
由於 yau yiu: due to / as a result of / thanks to / owing to / since / because.
成本 seng bun: (manufacturing, production etc) costs.
巨大 geui daai: huge / immense / very large / tremendous / gigantic / enormous.
巨 geui: large, great, enormous; chief.
建立 gin lap: to establish / to set up / to found.
完整 yuen jing: complete / intact.
整 jing: orderly, neat, tidy; whole.
系統 hai tung: system.
系 hai: system; line, link, connection.
統 tung: govern, command, control; unite.
必需 bit seui: to need / to require / essential / indispensable.
需 seui: need, require, must.
雙方 seungfong: bilateral / both sides / both parties involved.
洽談 hap taam: to discuss.
洽 hap, haap: to blend with, be in harmony; to penetrate; to cover; a river in Shenxi.
談 taam: talk; conversation; surname.
標準 biu jeun: (an official) standard / norm / criterion.
標 biu: a mark, symbol, label, sign; standard.
準 jeun: rule, guideline, standard.
內容 noi yung: content / substance / details.
內 noi: inside, interior; domestic.
容 yung: looks, appearance; figure, form.
格式 gaak sik: form / specification / format.
格 gaak: pattern, standard, form; style.
開發 hoi faat: to exploit (a resource) / to open up (for development) / to develop.
調試 diu si: to debug / to adjust components during testing / debugging.
調 due, diu: transfer, move, change; tune.
試 si: test, try, experiment.
維護 wai wu: to defend / to safeguard / to protect / to uphold / to maintain.
維 wai: maintain, preserve, safeguard.
護 wu: protect, guard, defend, shelter.
均 gwan, kwan: equal / even / all / uniform.
相當 seung dong: equivalent to / appropriate / considerably / to a certain extent / fairly / quite.
投入 tau yap: to throw into / to put into / to throw oneself into / to participate in / to invest in / absorbed / engrossed.
故此 gu chi: therefore.
故 gu: ancient, old; reason, because.
此 chi: this, these; in this case, then.
大型 daai jing: large / large-scale.
具有 geui yau: to have / to possess.
具 geui: tool, implement; draw up, write.
資訊科技 ji seun fo gei: information technology / science of communications.
資 ji: property; wealth; capital.
訊 seun: inquire; ask; examine; reproach.
科 fo: section, department, science.
技 gei: skill, ability, talent, ingenuity.
規模 kwai mou: scale / scope / extent.
規 kwai: rules, regulations, customs, law.
模 mou: model, standard, pattern; copy.
才能 choi nang: talent / ability / capacity.
有效 yau haau: effective / in effect / valid.
效 haau: result, effect; effectiveness.
充分 chung fan: ample / sufficient / adequate / full / fully / to the full.
充 chung: fill, be full, supply.
發揮 faat fai: to display / to exhibit / to bring out implicit or innate qualities / to express (a thought or moral) / to develop (an idea) / to elaborate (on a theme).
揮 fai: direct; wipe away; squander.
長期 cheung gei: long term / long time / long range (of a forecast).
效益 haau yik: benefit / effectiveness / efficiency. 特性 sak sing: property / characteristic.


商業銀行 seung yip ngan hong: commercial bank.
德意志銀行 dak yi ji ngan hong: Deutsche Bank.
有望 yau mong: hopeful / promising.
超過 chiu gwo: to surpass / to exceed / to outstrip.
蘇格蘭 sou gaak laan: Scotland.
皇家 wong gaa: royal / imperial household.
蘇格蘭皇家銀行 sou gaak laan wong gaa ngan hong: Royal Bank of Scotland.
首屈一指 sau wat yat ji: to count as number one (idiom); second to none / outstanding.
屈 wat: bend, flex; bent, crooked; crouch.
指 ji: finger, toe; point, indicate.
貸款 taai fun: a loan / CL: 筆｜笔 / to provide a loan (e.g. bank) / to raise a loan (from e.g. a bank).
貸 taai: lend; borrow; pardon.
週 jau: week; turn, cycle; anniversary.
一些 yat se: some / a few / a little.
些 se: little, few; rather, somewhat.
收購 sau gau: to purchase (from various places) / to acquire (a company).
籌集 chau jaap: collect money / raise funds.
籌 chau: chip, tally, token; raise money.
集 jaap: assemble, collect together.
公用 gung yung: public / for public use.
事業 si yip: undertaking / project / activity / (charitable, political or revolutionary) cause / publicly funded institution, enterprise or foundation / career / occupation.
提供 tai gung: to offer / to supply / to provide / to furnish.
提 tai, dai: hold in hand; lift in hand.
供 gung: supply, provide for; offer in worship.
創紀錄 chong gei luk: record-breaking.
紀錄 gei luk: record.
紀 gei: record, annal, historical account.
錄 luk: copy, write down, record.


據 geui: according to / to act in accordance with / to depend on / to seize; to occupy, take possession of; a base.
博 bok: extensive / ample / rich / obtain / aim / to win / to get / plentiful / to gamble; gamble, play games; wide, broad.
統計 tung gei: statistics / to count / to add up.
統 tung: govern, command, control; unite.
資料 ji liu: material / resources / data / information / profile (Internet).
料 liu: consider, conjecture; materials, ingredients.
顯示 hin si: to show / to illustrate / to display / to demonstrate.
顯 hin: manifest, display; evident, clear.
示 si: show, manifest; demonstrate.
到目前為止 dou muk chin wai ji: until now / so far.
止 ji: stop, halt, desist; detain.
涉及 sip gap: to involve / to touch upon (a topic).
涉 sip: ford stream, wade across.
激增 gik jang: to increase rapidly / to shoot up. 激 gik: arouse, excite, incite; quickly.
增 jang: increase, add to, augment.
團 tuen: sphere, ball, circle; mass, lump.
名列 meng laat: to rank (number 1, or third last etc) / to be among (those who are in a particular group).
業務 yip mou: business / professional work / service.
務 mou: affairs, business; must, should.
數據 sok geui: data / numbers / digital.
公佈 gung bou: to announce / to make public / to publish.
數字 sok ji: numeral / digit / number / figure / amount / digital (electronics etc).
仍 ying: yet, still, as ever; again; keep -ing, continuing.
位列 wai laat: to rank.
次於 chi yiu: second after / second only to. 總部 jung bou: general headquarters.
愛丁堡 ngoi ding bou: Edinburgh.
蘇格蘭皇家銀行 sou gaak laan wong gaa ngan hong: Royal Bank of Scotland.


獾亞科
獾亞科，學名Melinae，屬於食肉目鼬科，包括在歐亞大陸常見的獾（即狗獾）、豬獾、鼬獾等。有時獾作爲統稱，也包括產於非洲的蜜獾和美洲的美洲獾。 獾的主要特點是體型粗壯，腿短、尾短、吻長，嗅覺靈敏，性情好動，善於挖掘土中的動物作爲食物。
FUN NGAA FO
FUN NGAA FO, HOK MENG 'MELINAE', SOK YIU SIK YIUK MUK YAU FO, BAAU KUT JOI AU AA DAAI LUK SEUNG GIN DIK FUN (JIK GAU FUN), JYU FUN, YAU FUN DANG. YAU SI FUN JOK WAI TUNG CHING, YAA BAAU KUT CHAAN YIU FEI JAU DIK MAT FUN WO MEI JAU DIK MEI JAU FUN. FUN DIK JYU YIU DAK DIM SI TAI YING CHOU JONG, TUI DUEN, MEI DUEN, MAN CHEUNG, CHAU GAAU LENG MAN, SING CHING HOU DUNG, SIN YIU WAA GWAT TOU JUNG DIK DUNG MATJOK WAI SIK MAT.


亞科 ngaa fo: subfamily (taxonomy).
學名 hok meng: scientific name / Latin name (of plant or animal) / (according to an old system of nomenclature) on entering school life, a formal personal name given to new students.
屬於 suk yiu: to be classified as / to belong to / to be part of.
食肉目 sik yiuk muk: Carnivora, order of carnivores within Mammalia.
鼬科 yau fo: Mustelidae (taxonomic family of weasel, otter, mink). 鼬 yau: weasel, mustela itatis.
歐亞大陸 au aa daai luk: Eurasia.
常見 seung gin: commonly seen / common / to see sth frequently.
即 jik: namely / that is / i.e. / prompt / at once / at present / even if / prompted (by the occasion) / to approach / to come into contact / to assume (office) / to draw near.
鼬獾 yau fun: ferret badger.
有時 yau si: sometimes / now and then.
統稱 tung ching: collectively called / common name.
主要 jyu yiu: main / principal / major / primary.
特點 dak dim: characteristic (feature) / trait / feature.
體型 tai ying: build / body type.
粗壯 chou jong: thick and solid .
粗 chou: rough, thick, course; rude.
壯 jong: big, large; robust; name of tribe.
腿 teui: legs, thighs.
短 duen: short; brief; deficient, lacking.
吻 man: kiss / to kiss / mouth.
嗅覺 chau gok: sense of smell.
靈敏 leng man: smart / clever / sensitive / keen / quick / sharp.
靈 leng: spirit, soul; spiritual world.
敏 man: fast, quick, clever, smart.
性情 sing ching: nature / temperament.
好動 hou dung: active / restless / energetic.
善於 sin yiu: to be good at / to be adept at.
善 sin: good, virtuous, charitable, kind.
挖掘 waa gwat: to excavate / to dig / to unearth.
挖 waa, waat: dig, dig out, gouge out, scoop.
掘 gwat: dig, excavate; excavate cave.
動物 dung mat: animal / CL: 隻｜只, 群, 個｜个.
食物 sik mat: food.
物 mat: thing, substance, creature.

NOTE: Pearl Delta etcetera.

LOOKUP 05172012 A

VOCAB LIST CANTONESE
05/17/2012


唐詩三百首 tong si saam baak sau: Three hundred Tang dynasty poems, a stable anthology collected around 1763 by Sun Zhu 孫誅.
流傳 lau chuen: to spread / to circulate / to hand down.
傳 chuen (chyun): summon; propagate, transmit.
選集 suen jaap: anthology.
選 suen: choose, select; elect; election.
年間 nin gaan: in the years of / during those years / period (of dynasty or decade).
發展 faat jin: development / growth / to develop / to grow / to expand.
展 jin: open, unfold; stretch, extend.
黃金時代 wong kam si doi: golden age: golden age.
蒸 jing: to evaporate / (of cooking) to steam / torch made from hemp stalks or bamboo (old) / finely chopped firewood (old).
霞 haa: rosy clouds.
蔚 wai, wat: surname Yu / place name; luxuriant, thick; ornamental; Artemisia japonica / luxuriant / resplendent / impressive.
名家 meng gaa: School of Logicians of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC), also called the School of Names; renowned expert / master (of an art or craft).
輩出 bui cheut: to come forth in large numbers.
輩 bui: generation, lifetime; class.
咁 gam: (Cant.) like this, in this way; so, to such an extent, Mandarin equivalent: 這樣.
咁多 gam do: so many, so much.
孫 syun: grandchild, descendent; surname.
琴 kam: guqin or zither, cf 古琴 / musical instrument in general.
選 syun: choose, select; elect; election.
提要 dai yiu: summary / abstract.
自序 ji jeui: author's preface / autobiographical notes as introduction to a book.
序 jeui: series, serial order, sequence.
本經 bun ging: classic book / sutra.
大量 daai leung: great amount / large quantity / bulk / numerous / generous / magnanimous.
量 leung: measure, quantity, capacity.
散 saan: leisurely / loosen / powdered medicine / to scatter / to come loose; to break up (of couples) / to distribute / to let out / to fire or discharge (sb); scatter, disperse, break up.
佚 yat: indulge in pleasures; flee; surname Yi.
存 chyun (chuen): exist, live, be; survive; remain.
百餘 baak yiu: a hundred or more.
餘 yiu: surplus, excess, remainder.
當中 dong jung: among / in the middle / in the center.
流行 lau hang: to spread / to rage (of contagious disease) / popular / fashionable / prevalent / (math.) manifold.
家傳 gaa chuen: handed down in a family / family traditions.
傳 chuen (chyun): summon; propagate, transmit.
戶 wu: door; family, household.
曉 hiu: dawn, daybreak; clear, explicit.
範圍 faan wai: range / scope / limit / extent.
範 faan: pattern, model, rule, law.
圍 wai: surround, encircle, corral.
相當 seung dong: equivalent to / appropriate / considerably / to a certain extent / fairly / quite.
廣泛 gwong faan: extensive / wide range.
泛 faan: to drift, float; careless, reckless.
嘅 ge: (Cant.) possessive.
收錄 sau luk: to include / included in / to record.
錄 luk: copy, write down, record.
咗 jo: Cantonese particle equivalent to 了 or 過; verbal particle of perfective aspect.
總共 jung gung: altogether / in sum / in all / in total.
總 jung: collect; overall, altogether.
共 gung: together with, all, total; to share.
數量 sok leung: amount / quantity.
數 sok: number; several; count; fate; frequently / repeatedly.
量 leung: measure, quantity, capacity.

杜甫 do fu: Du Fu (712-770), great Tang dynasty poet.
杜 dou: stop, prevent; restrict; surname.
甫 fu, pou: begin; man, father; great; a distance of ten li.
王維 wong wai: Wang Wei (701-761), Tang Dynasty poet.
維 wai: maintain, preserve, safeguard.
李商隱 lei seung yan: Li Shangyin (c. 813-858), Tang poet.
隱 yan: hide, conceal; hidden, secret.
仿 fong: imitate, copy; as if.
詩經 si ging: Shi Jing, the Book of Songs, early collection of Chinese poems and one of the Five Classics of Confucianism 五經.
篇 pin: chapter, section, essay, article; sheet / piece of writing / bound set of bamboo slips used for record keeping (old) / classifier for written items: chapter, article.
從前 jung jin: previously / formerly / once upon a time.
絃 yin: variant of 弦 / bow string / string of musical instrument / watch spring / chord (straight line joining two points on a curve) / hypotenuse.
誦 jung: to read aloud / to recite; chant, repeat.
兒童 yi tung: child.
童 tung: child, boy, servant boy; virgin.
啟蒙 kai mung: to instruct the young / to initiate / to awake sb from ignorance / to free sb from prejudice or superstition / primer / enlightened / the Enlightenment / Western learning from the late Qing dynasty.
啟 kai: open; begin.
蒙 mung: cover; ignorant; suffer; Mongolia.
所以 so yi: therefore / as a result / so.
所 so: place, location; numerary adjunct.
以 yi: by means of; thereby, therefore; consider as; in order to.
比較 bei gaau: to compare / to contrast / comparatively / relatively / quite / comparison.
比 bei, pei: to compare, liken; comparison; than.
較 gaau: compare; comparatively, more.
淺顯 chin hin: plain / clear / obvious.
淺 chin: shallow, not deep; superficial.
顯 hin: manifest, display; evident, clear.
讀者 duk je: reader.
讀 duk: read, study; pronounce.
容易 yung yi: easy / likely / liable (to).
容 yung: looks, appearance; figure, form.
啲 di: some / few / a little (Cantonese).
接受 jip sau: to accept / to receive.
接 jip: receive; continue; catch; connect.
受 sau: receive, accept, get; bear, stand.
俗語 juk yiu: common saying / proverb / colloquial speech.
俗 juk: social customs; vulgar, unrefined.
熟讀 suk dau: to read and re-read sth until one is familiar with it.
熟 suk: well-cooked; ripe; familiar with.
唔 m, ng: (Cant.) not, negation.
識 sik: recognize, understand, know.
吟詩 yam si: to recite poetry.
吟 yam, ngam: sing, hum; recite; type of poetry.
會 wui: can / be possible / be able to / will / be likely to / be sure to / to assemble / to meet / to gather / to see / union / group / association; a moment.
會 Kui: to balance an account / accountancy / accounting.
偷 tau: to steal, burglar, thief; to pilfer; stealthily.
接觸 jip chuk: to touch / to contact / access / in touch with.
接 jip: receive; continue; catch; connect.
觸 chuk, juk: touch; butt, ram, gore.
古典 gu din: classical.
典 din: law, canon; documentation; classic, scripture.
詩歌 si go: poem.
入門 yap mun: entrance door / to enter a door / introduction (to a subject).
書籍 syu jik: books / works.
籍 jik: record, register, list; census.


呢 ni: interrogative or emphatic final; (Cant.) this; see also 哩.
編者 pin je: editor / compiler.
洙 jiu, shyu: name of a river in Shandong.
別號 bit hou: alias. Nom de plume, nom de guerre.
蘅 hang: Asarum blumei (wild ginger plant).
堂 tong: hall; government office.
退 teui: step back, retreat, withdraw.
江蘇 gong sou: Jiangsu province (Kiangsu) in southeast China, abbr. 蘇, capital Nanjing 南京.
無錫 mou sek: Wuxi prefecture level city in Jiangsu.
錫 sik, sek: tin, stannum; bestow, confer.
乾隆 kin lung: Qianlong or Ch'ien-lung, emperor of the Qing dynasty, reigned sixty years (1735-1796).
乾 gon, kin: dry; first hexagram; warming principle of the sun, penetrating and fertilizing, heavenly generative principle (male).
隆 lung: prosperous, plentiful, abundant.
進士 jeun si: successful candidate in the highest imperial civil service examination / palace graduate.
編選 pin suen: to select and edit / to compile.
依據 yi geui: according to / basis / foundation.
依 yi: rely on, be set in; consent, obey a wish.
據 geui: to occupy, take possession of; a base.
沈 sam: sink, submerge; addicted to; surname; variant of 沉.
潛 chim: hide; hidden, secret, latent.
裁 choi: cut out; decrease; to cut out (as a dress) / to cut / to trim / to reduce / to diminish / to cut back (e.g. on staff) / decision / judgment.
同埋 tung maai: (Cant.) and, along with, and also.
禎 jing: lucky, auspicious, good omen.
古詩 gu si: old verse / classical Chinese poem.
賢 yin: worthy or virtuous person / honorific used for a person of the same or a younger generation.
三昧 saam mui: Samadhi (Buddhist term).
昧 mui: obscure, dark; darken.
集 jaap: to gather / to collect / collected works / classifier for sections of a TV series etc: episode.
絕句 chuet geui: quatrain (poetic form).
絕 chuet: cut, sever, break off, terminate.
句 geui, gau: sentence.
為主 wai jyu: to rely mainly on / to attach most importance to.
雜 jaap: mixed, blended; mix, mingle.
題材 tai choi: subject matter.
題 tai: forehead; title, headline; theme.
材 choi: material, stuff; timber; talent.
反映 faan ying: to mirror / to reflect / mirror image / reflection / fig. to report / to make known / to render / used erroneously for 反應, response or reaction.
反 faan: reverse, opposite, contrary, anti.
映 ying: project; reflect light.
唐代 tong doi: Tang dynasty era.
政治 jing chi: politics / political.
治 chi: govern, regulate, administer.
矛盾 maau teun: contradiction, conflicting views / contradictory.
矛 maau: spear, lance; KangXi radical 110.
盾 teun: shield; dutch guilder; Indonesia.
邊塞 bin choi: frontier fortress.
邊 bin: edge, margin, side, border.
塞 choi, sak: stop up, block, seal, cork; pass, frontier; fortress.
軍事 gwan si: military affairs / military matters / military.
軍 gwan: army, military; soldiers, troops.
宮 gung: palace / temple / castration (as corporal punishment) / first note in pentatonic scale; dwelling, enclose.
閨 gwai: small arched door / boudoir / lady's chamber / by ext. women, women's quarters.
婦 fu: married women; woman; wife.
怨 yuen: hatred, enmity, resentment.
酬酢 chau jok: to exchange toasts.
酬 chau: toast; reward, recompense.
酢 jaa, jok: toast one's host with wine; to express juice by pressing.
應制 ying jai: to write a poem on the order of the Emperor.
應 ying: should, ought to, must.
制 jai: system; establish; overpower.
宦海 waan hoi: officialdom / bureaucracy.
宦 waan: officialdom, government official.
昇 sing: rise, ascent; peaceful; peace.
隱逸 yan yat: privacy.
隱 yan: hide, conceal; hidden, secret.
逸 yat: flee, escape, break loose.
生活 saang wut: life / activity / to live / livelihood.
遺珠 wai jyu: unrecognized talent.
遺 wai: lose; articles lost; omit.
憾 ham: to regret, remorse; dissatisfied; sense of loss or dissatisfaction.
覺 gaau: to wake up from sleep; conscious; a nap / a sleep.
覺 gok: to feel / to find that / thinking / awake / aware.
例如 lai yiu: for example / for instance / such as.
赴 fu: go to; attend, be present; to go / to visit (e.g. another country) / to attend (a banquet etc).
奉 fung: offer; receive; serve; respect; to offer (tribute) / to present respectfully (to superior, ancestor, deity etc) / to esteem / to revere / to believe in (a religion) / to wait upon / to accept orders (from superior).
縣 yiun, yuen: county, district, subdivision.
詠 wing: sing, hum, chant.
懷 waai: bosom, breast; carry in bosom.
北征 baak jing: punitive expedition to the north.
征 jing: invade, attack, conquer.
白居易 baak geui yi: Bai Juyi (772-846), Tang dynasty poet.
新樂 san lok: Xinle county level city in Shijiazhuang 石家莊, Hebei.
府 fu: prefecture; seat of government / government repository (archive) / official residence / mansion / presidential palace / (honorific) Your home / prefecture (from Tang to Qing times).
休 yau: to rest / to stop doing sth for a period of time / to cease / (imperative) don't.
作品 jok ban: work (of art) / opus.
冇 mou: to not have (Cantonese) / Mandarin equivalent: 沒有.
選入 syun yap: selected (for admission) / elected.
朱自清 jyu ji ching: Zhu Ziqing (1898-1948), poet and essayist.
寫 se: to write.
咗 jo: (Cant.) verbal particle of perfective aspect, equivalent to 了 or 過.
嘅 ge, koi: (Cant.) possessive, possessive particle.
指導 ji dou: to guide / to give directions / to direct / to coach / guidance / tuition.
導 dou: direct, guide, lead, conduct.
大概 daai koi: roughly / probably / rough / approximate / about / general idea.
概 koi: generally, approximately.
近人 gan yan: contemporary / modern person / close friend / associate / intimate.
堯 yiu: surname Yao / Yao or Tang Yao (c. 2200 BC), one of Five legendary Emperors 五帝, second son of Di Ku 帝嚳.
根據 gan geui: according to / based on / basis / foundation.
根 gan: root, base(d on); foundation.
據 geui: to occupy, take possession of; a base.
重新 chung san: again / once more / re-.
註 jyu: explain; annotate; make entry.


NOTE: Lit.

LOOKUP 05132012 A

The Salt Fields

鹽田區 yim tin keui: Yantian district of Shenzhen City 深圳市, Guangdong.
廣東省 gwong dung saang: Guangdong province (Kwangtung) in south China, short name 粵｜粤, capital Guangzhou 廣州.
下轄 haa hat: administered by / under the rule of.
轄 hat: linchpin of wheel; control.
市轄區 si hat keui: city district (county-level administrative unit).
深圳 sam jan: Shenzhen subprovincial city in Guangdong, special economic zone close to Hong Kong.
羅湖區 lo wu keui: Luohu district of Shenzhen City 深圳市, Guangdong.
以東 yi dung: to the east of (suffix).
比鄰 bei leun: neighbor / next-door neighbor / near / next to.
比 bei: to compare, liken; comparison; than.
區分 keui fan: to differentiate / to find differing aspects.
出來 tseut loi: to come out / to emerge.
成立 seng lap: to establish / to set up / to be tenable / to hold water.
沙頭角 daa tau gok: Sha Tau Kok (town in Hong Kong).
居民 geui man: resident / inhabitant.
居 geui: live, dwell, reside, sit.
居住 geui jyu: to reside / to dwell / to live in a place / resident in.
住 jyu: reside, live at, dwell, lodge; stop.
地域 dei wik: area / district / region.
橫跨 waang kwaa: to span / to stretch across.
橫 waang: across, horizontal, lateral.
跨 kwaa: straddle, bestride, ride; carry.
深港 sam gong: Shenzhen and Hong Kong.
遊人 yau yan: a tourist.
遊 yau: wander, roam, travel.
地點 dei dim: place / site / location / venue.



行政區劃 hang jing keui waak: administrative subdivision.
政 jing: government, political affairs.
劃 waak: divide, mark off, lay boundary.
地理 dei lei: geography.
大鵬 daai pang: roc (mythical bird of prey).
背 bui: to be burdened / to carry on the back or shoulder; back; back side; behind; betray; the back of a body or object / to turn one's back / to hide something from / to learn by heart / to recite from memory / unlucky (slang) / hard of hearing.
仔 jai: variant of 崽; small thing, child; young animal; meticulous / (of domestic animals or fowls) young.
靠 kaau: to lean against or on / to stand by the side of / to come near to / to depend or rely on / to trust / to fuck (vulgar) / traditional military costume drama where the performers wear armor (old).
連 lin: to link / to join / to connect / continuously / in succession / including / (used with 也, 都 etc) even / company (military).
龍崗區 long gong keui: Longgang district of Shenzhen City 深圳市, Guangdong.
崗 gong: post; position.
梧桐 ng tung: wutong or Paulownia tree (Fermiana platanifolia), a lightweight strong wood used for musical instruments / Chinese parasol tree.
界 gaai: boundary, limit; domain; society; the world.
面積 min jik: area (of a floor, piece of land etc) / surface area / tract of land.
平方公里 ping fong gung lei: square kilometer.
人口 yan hau: population.
主要 jyu yiu: main / principal / major / primary.
集中 jaap jung: to concentrate / to centralize / to focus / centralized / concentrated / to put together. 集 jaap: assemble, collect together.
鄰近 leun gan: neighboring / adjacent / near / vicinity.
另外 ling ngoi: additional / in addition / besides / separate / other / moreover / furthermore.
另 ling: another, separate, other.
位於 wai yiu: to be located at / to be situated at / to lie.
旅遊熱點 leui yau yit dim: a hot tourist attraction / a tourist trap.
每逢 mui fung: every time / on each occasion / whenever.
逢 fung: come upon, happen meet; flatter.
假日 gaa yat: holiday / non-working day.
內 noi: inside / inner / internal / within / interior.
浴場 yuk cheung: bathing spot.
擠滿 jai mun: crowded to bursting point / filled to overflowing / jam-packed.
擠 jai: crowd, squeeze, push against.
對外 deui ngoi: external / foreign / pertaining to external or foreign (affairs).
港口 gong hau: port / harbor.
亦 yik: also, too; likewise.
工商業 gung seung yip: business.
所在地 so joi dei: location / site.
所 so: place, location; numerary adjunct.



旅遊 leui yau: trip / journey / tourism / travel / tour.
旅 leui: trip, journey; travel; traveler.
遊 yau: wander, roam, travel.
旅遊景點 leui yau ging dim: tourist attraction / travel sight.
中英 jung ying: Sino-British / Chinese-English.
英 ying: petal, flower, leaf; brave, a hero; England, English.
森林 sam lam: forest.
森 sam: forest; luxuriant vegetation.
東部 dung bou: the east / eastern part.
部 bou: part, division, section.
華僑 waa kiu: overseas Chinese / (in a restricted sense) Chinese emigrant who still retains Chinese nationality.
僑 kiu: sojourn, lodge.
鹽田 yim tin: saltpan.
國際 gwok jai: international.
際 jai: border, boundary, juncture.
集裝箱 jaap jong seung: container (for shipping).
碼頭 maa tau: dock / pier / wharf.
碼 maa: number, numerals; yard; symbol.
簡稱 gaan ching: abbreviation / short form.
稱 ching: call; name, brand; address; say.
和記黃埔 wo gei wong bou: Hutchison Whampoa.
記 gei: record; keep in mind, remember.
埔 bou: plain, arena; port, market.
集團 jaap tuen: group / bloc / corporation / conglomerate.
集 jaap: assemble, collect together.
團 tuen: sphere, ball, circle; mass, lump.
合資 hap ji: joint venture.
資 ji: property; wealth; capital.
分為 fan wai: to divide sth into (parts) / to subdivide.
東 dung: east / host (i.e. sitting on east side of guest) / landlord.
及 gap: and / to reach / up to / in time for.
其中 gei jung: among / in / included among these.
中港 jung gong: PRC and Hong Kong.
至 ji: reach, arrive; extremely, very.
建設 gin chit: to build / to construct / construction / constructive.
建 gin: build, establish, erect, found.
設 chit: build; establish; display; particle of hypothesis, supposing.



歷史 lik si: history.
歷 lik: take place, past, history.
史 si: history, chronicle, annals.
合營 hap ying: to operate jointly / a joint venture / cooperative.
營 ying: encampment, barracks; manage.
國企 gwok kei: state enterprise.
企 kei: plan a project; stand on tiptoe.
合作 hap jok: to cooperate / to collaborate / to work together / cooperation.
西部 sai bou: western part.
港區 gong keui: port area; Minato area of downtown Tokyo.
眾多 jung do: numerous.
眾 jung: masses, people, multitude, crowd.
不同 bat tung: different / distinct / not the same / not alike.
企業 kei yip: company / firm / enterprise / corporation.
數一數二 so kyat sok yi: to enumerate / reckoned to be first or second best (idiom); one of the very best.
數 sou, sok: number; several; count; fate.
經營者 ging ying je: executive / manager / transactor.
於 yiu, wu: in / at / to / from / by / than / out of; in, at, on; interjection alas!
經營 ging ying: to engage in (business etc) / to run / to operate.
多年來 do nin loi: for the past many years.
均 gwan: equal / even / all / uniform; fair; all, also.
統一 tung yat: to unify / to unite / to integrate.
統 tung: govern, command, control; unite.
管理 gun lei: to supervise / to manage / to administer / management / administration.



非 fei: not, negative, non-; oppose; to not be / not / wrong / incorrect / non- / un- / in- / to reproach or blame / (colloquial) to insist on / simply must.
全資附屬公司 chuen ji fu suk gung si: wholly owned subsidiary.
附 fu: adhere to, append; rely on near to.
屬 suk: class, category, type; to belong to.
佔 jim: occupy by force, usurp; possess.
股權 gu kuen: equity shares / stock right.
權益 kuen yik: rights and benefits.
直至 jik ji: lasting until / up till (the present).
直 jik: straight, erect, vertical.
信託 seun tok: to entrust / trust bond (finance).
託 tok: entrust, rely on; commission.
出現 cheut yin: to appear / to arise / to emerge / to show up.
當時 dong si: then / at that time / while.
當 dong: bear, accept, undertake; just.
增 jang: increase, add to, augment.
持 chi: sustain, support; hold, grasp; to hold / to grasp / to support / to maintain / to persevere / to manage / to run (i.e.
administer) / to control.
原 yuen: source, origin, beginning; former / original / primary / raw / level / cause / source.
間接 gaan jip: indirect.
接 jip: receive; continue; catch; connect.
持有 chi yau: to hold (passport, views etc).
持 chi: sustain, support; hold, grasp.
按 on: to press / to push / to leave aside or shelve / to control / to restrain / to keep one's hand on / to check or refer to / according to / in the light of / (of an editor or author) to make a comment.
比例 bei lai: proportion / scale.
比 bei: to compare, liken; comparison; than.
例 lai: precedent, example; regulation.
投資 tau ji: investment / to invest.
投 tau: throw, cast, fling, pitch; jump.
擴建 kwok gin: to extend a building.
擴 gwok, kwok, kwong: expand, enlarge, stretch.
使 si: cause, send on a mission, order; envoy, messenger, ambassador; employ.
下降 haa gong: to decline / to drop / to fall / to go down / to decrease.
降 gong: descend, fall, drop; lower, down.
出售 cheut sau: to sell / to offer for sale / to put on the market.
售 sau: sell.
控制 hung jai: control / to exercise control over / to contain.
控 hung: accuse, charge; control.
制 jai: system; establish; overpower.
收購 sau gau: to purchase (from various places) / to acquire (a company).
購 gau: buy, purchase; hire.
港股 gong gu: Hong Kong shares.
部分 bou fan: part / share / section / piece.
價 gaa: price / value / valence (on an atom).
人民幣 yan man bai: Renminbi (RMB) / Chinese Yuan (CNY).
幣 bai: currency, coins, legal tender.
現金 yin gam: cash.
完成 yuen sing: to complete / to accomplish.
轉讓 jyun yeung: transfer (technology, goods etc) / conveyancing (property).
轉 jyun: shift, move, turn.
讓 yeung: allow, permit, yield, concede.
股份 gu fan: a share (in a company) / stock.
分別 fan bit: to part or leave each other / to distinguish / difference / in different ways / differently / separately or individually.
調整 diu jing: to adjust / adjustment / revision.
調 diu: transfer, move, change; tune.
整 jing: orderly, neat, tidy; whole.
大股東 daai gu dung: large stockholder / majority shareholder.
潤 yeun: soft, moist; sleek; freshen.
創業 chong yip: to begin an undertaking / to start a major task / to initiate / to venture / venture / entrepreneurship.
創 chong: establish, create; knife cut.
母公司 mou gung si: parent company.
港幣 gong bai: Hong Kong currency / Hong Kong dollar.
核心 hat sam: core / nucleus.
核 hat: seed, kernel, core, nut; atom.
業務 yip mou: business / professional work / service.
業 yip: business / professional work / service.
務 mou: affairs, business; must, should.
超市 chiu si: supermarket (abbr.).
超 chiu: jump over, leap over; surpass.
市 si: market, fair; city, town; trade.
酒廠 jau chong: wine factory / distillery.
廠 chong: factory, plant, workshop, mill.



資產價值 ji chaan gaa jik: value of assets.
資 ji: property; wealth; capital.
產 chaan: give birth, bring forth, produce.
價 gaa: price, value.
值 jik: price.
總額 jung ngaak: total (amount or value).
總 jung: collect; overall, altogether.
額 ngaak: forehead; tablet, plaque; fixed.
包括 baau kut: to comprise / to include / to involve / to incorporate / to consist of.
括 kut: include, embrace, enclose.






NOTE: Yantian, Hutchison Whampoa

LOOKUP 05112012 A

Subject: 即期信用證


即期信用證是什麼樣的付款方式？
Jik kei suen yung jing si sammo yeung dik fu fun fong sik?

-----------------------------

付款方式：不可撤銷即期信用證
Fu fun fong sik: pat ho chit-siu jik-kei suen yung jing.

撤銷 chit-siu: to repeal / to revoke / to undo (computing).
 撤 chit: omit; remove; withdraw.
銷 siu: melt, fuse; market, sell; to pass time, finish, cancel.

不可撤銷信用證(Irrevocable Credit)　　 不可撤銷信用證是指開證行一經開出、在有效期內未經受益人或議付行等有關當事人同意，不得隨意修改或撤銷的信用證；只要受益人按該證規定提供有關單據，開證行（或其指定的銀行）保證付清貨款。凡使用這種信用證，必須在該證上註明“不可撤銷”(Irrevocable)的字樣，並載有開證行保證付款的文句。按《跟單信用證統一慣例》（第600號出版物）第3條C款的規定：“信用證是不可撤銷的，即使信用證中對此未作指示也是如此。”原來的《跟單信用證統一慣例》國際商會（第500號出版物）1993年修訂本，分可撤銷信用證和不可撤銷信用證。]


不可撤銷信用證 pat ho chit siu suen yung jing: irrevocable letter of credit.
有效期內 yau haau gei noi: within the period of validity / before the sell-by date.
未經 mei ging:
未經.
受益人 sau yik yan: the beneficiary / the person who benefits.
議付 yi fu: negotiation (finance).
有關 yau gwan: to have sth to do with / to relate to / related to / to concern / concerning.
當事人 dong si yan: persons involved or implicated / party (to an affair).
同意 tung yi: to agree / to consent / to approve.
不得 bat dak: must not / may not / not to be allowed / cannot. 
隨意 cheui yi: as one wishes / according to one's wishes / at will / voluntary / conscious.
修改 sau goi: to amend / to alter / to modify (修 sau: study; repair; cultivate).
只要 jek yiu: if only / so long as.
按 on: to press / to push / to leave aside or shelve / to control / to restrain / to keep one's hand on / to check or refer to / according to / in the light of / (of an editor or author) to make a comment.
該 goi: should / ought to / probably / must be / to deserve / to owe / to be sb's turn to do sth / that / the above-mentioned.
證 jing: certificate / proof / to prove / to demonstrate / to confirm.
規定 kwai deng: provision / to fix / to set / to formulate / to stipulate / to provide / regulation / rule (規 kwai: rules, regulations, customs, law).
提供 dai gung: to offer / to supply / to provide / to furnish. 
單據 daan geui: receipts / invoices / transaction records (據 geui: to occupy, take possession of; a base).
指定 ji deng: to appoint / to assign / to indicate clearly and with certainty / designated.
保證 bou jing: guarantee / to guarantee / to ensure / to safeguard / to pledge.
付清 fu cheng: pay in full / pay all of a bill / pay off .
貨款 fo fun: payment for goods .


不可撤銷信用證有如下特徵：

如下 yiu haa: as follows.
特徵 dak jing: characteristic / diagnostic property / distinctive feature / trait.

1、有開證行確定的付款承諾。 對於不可撤銷跟單信用證而言，在其規定的單據全部提交給指定銀行或開證行，符合信用證條款和條件時，即構成開證行按照信用證固定的時間付款的確定承諾。開證行確定的付款承諾是：　　
（1）對即期付款的信用證——即期付款。
（2）對延期付款的信用證——按信用證規定所確定的到期日付款。
（3）對承兌信用證——a.凡由開證行承兌者,，承兌受益人出具的以開證行為付款人的匯票，並於到期日支付票款；b.凡由另一受票銀行承兌者，如信用證內規定的受票銀行對於以其為付款人的匯票不予承兌，應由開證行承兌並在到期日支付受益人出具的以開證行為付款人的匯票；或者，如受票銀行對匯票已承兌，但到期日不付，則開證行應予支付；　　
（4）對議付信用證——根據受益人依照信用證出具的匯票及/或提交的單據向出票人或善意持票人履行付款，不得追索。

確定 kok deng: definite / certain / fixed / to fix (on sth) / to determine / to be sure / to ensure / to make certain / to ascertain / to clinch / to recognize / to confirm / OK (on computer dialog box).
承諾 sing nok: to promise / to undertake to do something / commitment.
對於 deui yiu: regarding / as far as sth is concerned / with regards to.
撤銷 chit siu: to repeal / to revoke / to undo (computing).
單 daan: single, individual, only; lone.
而言 yi yin: with regard to (preceding phrase).
規定 gwai deng: provision / to fix / to set / to formulate / to stipulate / to provide / regulation / rule. 單據 daan geui: receipts / invoices / transaction records.
全部 chuen bou: whole / entire / complete .
交給 gaau kap: to give / to deliver / to hand over.
指定 ji deng: to appoint / to assign / to indicate clearly and with certainty / designated.
符合 fu hap: in keeping with / in accordance with / tallying with / in line with / to agree with / to accord with / to conform to / to correspond with / to manage / to handle.
條款 tiu fun: clause (of contract or law).
條件 tiu gin: condition / circumstances / term / factor / requirement / prerequisite / qualification.
即 jik: promptly, quickly, immediately.
構成 gau seng: to constitute / to form / to compose / to make up / to configure (computing).
按照 on jiu: according to / in accordance with / in the light of / on the basis of.
固定 gu deng: fixed / set / regular.
確定 kok deng: definite / certain / fixed / to fix (on sth) / to determine / to be sure / to ensure / to make certain / to ascertain / to clinch / to recognize / to confirm / OK (on computer dialog box).
承諾 sing nok: to promise / to undertake to do something / commitment.
延期付款 yin gei fu fun: to defer payment / to pay back over long term (延 yin: delay, postpone, defer ).
 到期日 dou gei yat: closing date (of contract) / maturity (of an investment bond).
付款 fu fun: to pay a sum of money / payment. 凡faan: all, any, every; ordinary, common.
由 yau: to follow / from / it is for...to / reason / cause / because of / due to / to / to leave it (to sb) / by (introduces passive verb); cause, reason; from.
者 je: that which; he who; those who.
承兌 sing deui: to accept checks etc / to honor a check.
受益人 sau yik yan: the beneficiary / the person who benefits.
出具 chuet keui: to issue (document, certificate etc) / to provide.
匯票 wui piu: bill of exchange / bank draft.
並 bing: and / furthermore / also / together with / (not) at all / simultaneously / to combine / to join / to merge.
於 yiu: in / at / to / from / by / than / out of.
到期日 dou gei yat.
支付 ji fu: to pay (money).
另一 ling yat: another / the other (另 ling: another, separate, other).
受 sau: to receive / to accept / to suffer / subjected to / to bear / to stand / pleasant / (passive marker). 行為 haang wai: action / conduct / behavior / activity.
或者 waak je: or / possibly / maybe / perhaps.
予 yiu: to give.
支付 ji fu: to pay (money).
議付 yi fu: negotiation (finance) (議 yi: consult, talk over, discuss).
根據 gan geui: according to / based on / basis / foundation.
依照 yi jiu: according to / in light of (依 yi: rely on, be set in; consent, obey a wish).
提交 dai gaau: to submit (a report etc) / to refer (a problem) to sb.
單據 daan geui: receipts / invoices / transaction records. 向 heung: towards / to face / to turn towards / direction / to support / to side with / shortly before / formerly / always / all along.
履行 leui haang: to fulfill (one's obligations) / to carry out (a task) / to implement (an agreement) / to perform.
不得 bat dak: must not / may not / not to be allowed / cannot.
追索 cheui sok: to demand payment / to extort / to trace / to seek / to pursue / to explore.



PART TWO


2、具有不可撤銷性。 這是指自開立信用證之日起，開證行就受到其條款和承諾的約束。如遇要撤銷或修改，在受益人向通知修改的銀行表示接受該修改之前，原信用證的條款對受益人依然有效。當然，在徵得開證行、保兌行和信用證受益人同意的情況下，即使是不可撤銷信用證也是可以撤銷和修改的。



即期信用證（L/C at sight）

是指受益人根據信用證的規定，可憑即期跟單匯票或僅憑單據收取貨款的信用證。


國際貿易理論中含義


即指開證行或付款行收到符合信用證條款的跟單匯票或裝運單據後，立即履行付款義務的信用證。其特點是受益人收匯安全迅速，有利於資金周轉。即期信用證又可分為單到付款信用證和電匯索償條款信用證（L/C with T/T Reimbursement Clause）兩種。前者是指開證行或其指定付款行一旦收到符合信用證規定的匯票和單據，便立即付款，開證人也應於單到立即向開證行付款贖單；後者是指開證行將最後審單付款的權利交給議付行，只要議付行審單無誤，在對受益人付款的同時，即以電報或電傳向開證行或其指定付款行索償，開證行或其指定付款行接到通知後立即以電匯方式向議付行償付。使用電匯索償條款信用證，比一般即期信用證收匯快，通常只需2－3天時間，有時當天即可收回貨款。即期信用證：即信用證規定受益人簽發即期信用證。另外信用證上規定免除受益人簽發匯票權憑貨運單據即可要求銀行立即付款的信用證亦屬於即期信用證。即期信用證付款時間為：銀行收到單據後5個工作日內。


不可撤銷信用證是指開證行一經開出、在有效期內未經受益人或議付行等有關當事人同意，不得隨意修改或撤銷的信用證；只要受益人按該證規定提供有關單據，開證行（或其指定的銀行）保證付清貨款。凡使用這種信用證，必須在該證上註明“不可撤銷”(Irrevocable)的字樣，並載有開證行保證付款的文句。按《跟單信用證統一慣例》（第600號出版物）第3條C款的規定：“信用證是不可撤銷的，即使信用證中對此未作指示也是如此。”原來的《跟單信用證統一慣例》國際商會（第500號出版物）1993年修訂本，分可撤銷信用證和不可撤銷信用證。

具有不可撤銷性。


這是指自開立信用證之日起，開證行就受到其條款和承諾的約束。如遇要撤銷或修改，在受益人向通知修改的銀行表示接受該修改之前，原信用證的條款對受益人依然有效。當然，在徵得開證行、保兌行和信用證受益人同意的情況下，即使是不可撤銷信用證也是可以撤銷和修改的。


========================================================

進出口貿易的支付方式中, L/C at sight是什麼意思?


即期信用證，指受證方在達到符合開證方開具的條件後（視具體信用證，FOB和CIF條件不同）可以立即向銀行提出結匯要求的信用證。

===========================================================

進出口貿易 jeun cheut hau mau yi: import and export commerce.


國際貿易是指世界各個國家（或地區)在商品和勞務等方面進行的交換活動。它是各國（或地區）在國際分工的基礎上相互聯繫的主要形式，反應了世界各國（或地區）在經濟上的相互依賴關係，是由各國對外貿易的總和構成的。


国际贸易（International Trade，也称世界贸易、进出口贸易）

------------------------------------------------------

EXCERPT

进出口贸易 - 产生

國際貿易是在一定的歷史條件下產生和發展起來的。形成國際貿易的兩個基本條件是：　　
（1）社會生產力的發展；
　　
（2）國家的形成。
社會生產力的發展產生出用於交換的剩餘商品，這些剩餘商品在國與國之間交換，就產生了國際貿易。

与对外贸易的区别 　　对外贸易是指一国（或地区）同其他国家（或地区）所进行的商品、技术和服务的交换活动。因此，提到对外贸易时要指明特定的国家。如中国的对外贸易等；某些岛国如英国、日本等也称对外贸易为海外贸易。 [與對外貿易的區別 對外貿易是指一國（或地區）同其他國家（或地區）所進行的商品、技術和服務的交換活動。因此，提到對外貿易時要指明特定的國家。如中國的對外貿易等；某些島國如英國、日本等也稱對外貿易為海外貿易。] 分类 [


分類　

一、按商品移动的方向国际贸易可划分为　　

1、 (import Trade）：將其他國家的商品或服務引進到本國市場銷售。
2、（Export Trade）：將本國的商品或服務輸出到其他國家市場銷售。
3、（Transit Trade）：A國的商品經過C國境內運至B國市場銷售，對C國而言就是過境貿易。由於過境貿易對國際貿易的阻礙作用，目前，WTO成員國之間互不從事過境貿易。進口貿易和出口貿易是就每筆交易的雙方而言，對於賣方而言，就是出口貿易，對於買方而言，就是進口貿易。此外輸入本國的商品再輸出時，成為複出口；輸出國外的商品在輸入本國時，稱為複進口。
 　

二、按商品的形態國際貿易可劃分為

1、（Visible Trade）：有實物形態的商品的進出口。例如，機器、設備、家具等都是有實物形態的商品，這些商品的進出口稱為有形貿易。
2、（Invisible Trade）：沒有實物形態的技術和服務的進出口。專利使用權的轉讓、旅遊、金融保險企業跨國提供服務等都是沒有實物形態的商品，其進出口稱為無形貿易。三、按生產國和消費國在貿易中的關係國際貿易可分為
1、（Direct Trade）：指商品生產國與商品消費國不通過第三國進行買賣商品的行為。貿易的出口國方面稱為直接出口，進口國方面稱為直接進口。
2（Indirect Trade）和（Transit Trade）：指商品生產國與商品消費國通過第三國進行買賣商品的行為，間接貿易中的生產國稱為間接出口國，消費國稱為間接進口國，而第三國則是轉口貿易國，第三國所從事的就是轉口貿易。　　


四、按貿易內容分為:服務貿易,加工貿易,商品貿易,一般貿易.

地理方向

國際貿易地理方向亦稱“國際貿易地區分佈”(International Trade by Region),用以表明世界各洲、各國或各個區域集團在國際貿易中所佔的地位。計算各國在國際貿易中的比重，既可以計算各國的進、出口額在世界進、出口總額中的比重，也可以計算各國的進出口總額在國際貿易總額（世界進出口總額）中的比重。由於對外貿易是一國與別國之間發生的商品交換，因此，把對外貿易按商品分類和按國家分類結合起來分析研究，即把商品結構和地理方向的研究結合起來，可以查明一國出口中不同類別商品的去向和進口中不同類別商品的來源，具有重要意義。
特點



國際貨物貿易屬商品交換範圍，與國內貿易在性質上並無不同，但由於它是在不同國家或地區間進行的，所以與國內貿易相比具有以下特點：　　
1．國際貨物貿易要涉及不同國家或地區在政策措施、法律體系方面可能存在的差異和衝突，以及語言文化、社會習俗等方面帶來的差異，所涉及的問題遠比國內貿易複雜。　　
2．國際貨物貿易的交易數量和金額一般較大，運輸距離較遠，履行時間較長，因此交易雙方承擔的風險遠比國內貿易要大。　　
3．國際貨物貿易容易受到交易雙方所在國家的政治、經濟變動、雙邊關係及國際局勢變化等條件的影響。　　
4．國際貨物貿易除了交易雙方外，還需涉及到運輸、保險、銀行、商檢、海關等部門的協作、配合，過程較國內貿易要復雜的多。